Topic 3 - quantitative chemistry

• Law of conservation of mass

  no atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction so the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants.
• Limiting reactant

  This is the reactant that is completely used up causing it to limit the amount of products
• explain how the mass of a solute and the volume of a solution is related to the concentration of the solution.

  If you increase mass of solute whilst keeping volume of solution constant, concentration will increase.

  if you increase volume of the solution whilst keeping mass of solute constant concentration decreases
• Which is it not always possible to achieve 100% atom economy

  Reversible reaction will not go to to completion

  Some product is lost when separated form mixture

  Some reactants might react in ways different to the expected reaction.
• Atom economy

  A measure of amount of starting materials that end up as desired product. Important for economic reasons and sustainability
• Percentage yield equation

  Mass of product made/ maximum theoretical mass x100
• Atom economy

  Mr if desired product/mr all reactant