Hypothesis

• Hypothesis 


  A tentative explanation or an answer to a question about variables the relationships and other facts involved in the research.
• Analytic investigation 


  A hypothesis is tested through this to prove how false it is
• Characteristics of hypothesis

  1. Testable
  2. Logical
  3. Directly related to the research problem
  4. Represent a simple unit or subject of the problem
  5. Factually or theoretically based
  6. States relationships between variables
  7. Sets the limits of the study
  8. Stated in such a form that it can be accepted or rejected
• Purpose of hypothesis

  1. Provides a tentative explanation of phenomena
  2. Facilitates the extension of knowledge in the area
  3. Provides the investigator with the relational statement that is directly testable in a research study
  4. Provides a framework for reporting conclusions of the study
  5. Can be considered as the working instrument of the theory, it can be deduced from theory and other hypothesis
• Types of hypothesis

  Null, alternative
• Null hypothesis


  The negative hypothesis symbolized by HO. It states the absence of a relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
• Alternative hypothesis


  The affirmative hypothesis symbolized by HA. It states the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables and the fact that the first affects the second one
• Significance


  A statistical term that says how sure you are that a difference or relationship exists
• Significant difference 


  A term used when you want to test whether an intervention has different effects toward different groups
• Common statistical treatment


  Is used if your hypothesis is asking for significant difference is the t test and analysis of variance or anova
• Types of RESEARCH hypothesis

  Simple, complex, empirical, statistical, null, alternative
• Simple hypothesis


  A prediction of the relationship between two variables: the independent and dependent.
• Complex hypothesis


  Expresses a connection between two or more independent variables and two or more dependent variables.
• Empirical hypothesis


  Also known as the working hypothesis. It comes to life when a theory is being put to test using observation and experiment. It can be changed or replaced anytime as soon as it no longer supports or accepts base. Going through some trial and error and changing around those independent variables.
• Statistical hypothesis


  An analysis of a portion of a population. Can be verified statistically
• Null research hypothesis


  It exists when you consider that there is no relationship between the dependent and independent variables.
• Alternative hypothesis


  An alternate statement expressed to be tested in order to generate the desired output when empirical or working hypothesis is not accepted.
• Classification of hypothesis

  Directional, non-directional
• Directional hypothesis


  It illustrates the direct association of the impact of the dependent variable with independent variable (may be positively or negatively affected). It is investigated through a one-tailed test.
• Non-directional hypothesis


  It is used when there is no principle involved. A premise that is a relationship exist between two variables however the direction of the effect is not specifically determined. The relationship is not specified as negative or positive. It uses two-tailed test to investigate