Motivation theories

• define motivation


  the will to work, the desire to achieve target due to external reasons.
• give 5 reason people work

  1. To earn money

  2. For a sense of achievement

  3. To belong to a group

  4. For a sense of security

  5. To obtain a feeling of self-worth
• give 5 advantages of a well motivated work force

  1. Better productivity

  2. Better quality

  3. Lower levels of absenteeism

  4. Lower levels of staff turnover

  5. Lower training and recruitment costs
• name the 4 motivation theorists

  1. Taylor

  2. Mayo

  3. Maslow

  4. Herzberg
• name 5 thing Taylor believed about motivation


  1. Managers maintain close supervision of employees

  2. Autocratic style of management

  3. Believes workers are lazy and unmotivated

  4. Motivates workers using piece-rate

  5. Believes workers are only motivates by money
• name the 4 divisions of scientific labour

  1. Division of labour

  2. Specialisation of task

  3. Timing of each task

  4. Separation of tasks
• what is Division of labour


  production I broken into small tasks carried repetitively by workers
• what is Specialisation of task

  every worker is always doing the same little tasks
• what did mayo find out from his studies? (6 things)

  1. The workplace is a social system, relationships with workers are important

  2. Satisfaction is gained from freedom and control over working lives

  3. Communication between workers and managers influences morale

  4. Workers need recognition, security ands a sense of belonging

  5. Workers are affected by the degree of inter4est showed in them by their managers

  6. Physical conditions influence productivity (brightness, humidity, heating, noise, hours, breaks...)
• what was Maslow's theory


  There is five levels of human needs which employees need to have fulfilled at work, only once a lower level if need has been fulfilled, would a worker be motivated by the opportunity of having the next need higher up in the hierarchy.
• what does Maslow's hierarchy of needs look like (the name and orders of the sections)

  Maslow's hierarchy of needs

  
• what are the two factors Herzberg believed affected motivation

  Motivators and Hygiene factors
• what are motivators


  things that actively motivated people to be productive (giving responsibility, freedom, opportunities for promotion
• what are hygiene factors (maintenance)

  demotivating factors, these are factors that will de-motivate people if they are not present but increasing them continually won't increase motivation. (increase in wage, working conditions, job security)
• name 7 financial incentives to improve

  1. salaries

  2. bonus system

  3. commission

  4. performance related pay

  5. share profit options

  6. fringe benefits

  7. piecework
• define a salary

  Normally an annual salary which is paid and the end of each month in individual equal instalments. Normally paid to more higher skilled employees such as managers usually have a set number of hours.
• what is a bonus system

  Usually only paid when certain targets have been achieved, usually for manager level.
• what are commissions


  Some workers, often sales people, are partly paid according to the number of products they sell
• what is profit sharing


  A system whereby employees receives a proportion of the company's profits
• what's performance related pay


  Paid to those who meet certain targets
• what are share profit options


  Common incentives for senior managers who are given shares in the company rather than straightforward bonus or membership of a profit-sharing scheme
• what are fringe benefits

  Items an employee receives in addition to their normal wage or salary e.g. company car, private health insurance, staff discount
• what are wages


  Normally paid per hour and received money at the end of the week. Usually paid to more lower skilled employees or temporary staff.