sampling experimental methods and variables

• What must we ensure when conducting an experiment regarding the independent variable (IV)?

  We need to ensure that any difference found is due to the effects of the IV.
• Why is it important to control extraneous variables in an experiment?

  To ensure that our results are reliable and valid.
• What are extraneous variables?


  They are nuisance variables that may affect the dependent variable (DV).
• What are some examples of situational variables?


  • Time of the day
  • Lighting
  • Materials used
  • Instructions
  • Temperature
• How can situational variables be controlled in an experiment?

  By standardization.
• What are some examples of participant variables?

  • Age
  • Sex
  • Intelligence
  • Language fluency
  • Personality
• How can participant variables be overcome in an experiment?


  By using experimental design.
• What happens if an extraneous variable is not controlled and affects the DV?


  It becomes a confounding variable.
• What defines a confounding variable in relation to the independent variable (IV)?

  A confounding variable systematically varies with the IV and creates another IV that was unprecedented.
• What is the target population in research?

  A large group that the researcher is interested in studying
• Why does a researcher want to study the target population?

  To draw a conclusion that can be generalized to this group
• What is a sample in research?

  The actual, smaller group of participants used in the research
• How does a sample relate to the target population?

  A sample represents the target population