scene 4

• " there's no art/ to find the mind's construction in the face/ he was a gentlemen on whom I built/ an absolute trust " - Phrase ' mind's construction ' a person's true thoughts and intentions cannot be accurately judged by their outward appearance. The phrase 'absolute trust' highlights Duncan's unwavering confidence in the former thane of Cawdor - the quote is significant as while Duncan focuses on the traitor being Macdonald the real traitor in the room is Macbeth and Duncan will almost regret putting his trust in him
• " the service and loyalty i owe. In doing it pays itself " - the noun 'loyalty' is ironic because Macbeth is already contemplating to murder Duncan and the possibility of betraying him . The phrase 'pays itself' reflects Macbeth's outward claim that he serves the King out of duty and honour not for personal gain. Demonstrates Macbeth's hypocrisy and the gap between his outward behaviour and inner thoughts. The language creates a sense of dramatic irony as the audience know Macbeth is struggling with his dark ambitions while he pretends to be loyal and selfless
• " Stars hide your fires. Let not light see my black and deep desires "

  • personification ' Stars hide your fires' the stars have the power to conceal Macbeth's dark thoughts. Juxtaposition between 'light' and 'dark' symbolises the battle between morality and temptation. The imagery of darkness is used to express Macbeth's wish to hide his true sinister ambitions
  • Exposes macbeth's moral conflict , turning point as Macbeth struggles to decide to go with the deed
• What themes are developed in this critical scene?

  Ambition, deception, and appearance vs. reality
• How does Duncan's nature contrast with Macbeth's character in this scene?


  Duncan's trusting nature contrasts with Macbeth's ambition and hidden betrayal
• What significant change occurs for Macbeth in this scene?


  He begins to openly grapple with his dark desires
• What does this scene set the stage for in the narrative?


  The moral and political chaos that follows
• How does the use of light and dark imagery function in this scene?


  It enhances the tension and prepares the audience for tragic events
• What is the effect of the ironic contrasts between appearance and reality in this scene?


  It heightens the tension and foreshadows tragic events