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Paper 2
Ecology
Cycles and Feeding Relationships
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Sophie
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Cards (28)
What happens to materials in the living world?
They are
recycled
for future organisms.
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What components do materials cycle through in ecosystems?
Biotic
and
abiotic
components
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What does the carbon cycle describe?
How carbon is
recycled
in nature
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What role do decomposers play in the carbon cycle?
They return carbon to the atmosphere as
CO2
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What is the main process that removes carbon dioxide from the air?
Photosynthesis
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What could happen if photosynthesis is reduced?
Carbon dioxide
levels could increase
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How does increased carbon dioxide affect the environment?
It leads to
global warming
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What does the water cycle describe?
How fresh water circulates in
ecosystems
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What happens to water in the water cycle?
It
evaporates
and
precipitates
back to the surface
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What process is responsible for returning water to the air?
Transpiration
from plants
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What effect does cutting down forests have on the water cycle?
It
can
disturb
the
water
cycle
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Key Point
The
carbon cycle
is essential to life on earth. It returns carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide to be used by plants in
photosynthesis
.
Key Point
The
water cycle
provides fresh water for plants and animals on land before draining into the seas. Water is continuously
evaporated
and
precipitated
.
What do food chains represent in a community?
Feeding relationships
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What is the starting point of all food chains?
A
producer
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What do producers synthesize in a food chain?
Molecules
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What type of organism is usually a producer?
A
green plant
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How do producers make glucose molecules?
Through
photosynthesis
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Who eats producers in a food chain?
Primary consumers
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What is the order of consumers in a food chain?
Primary
,
secondary
,
tertiary
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What are consumers that eat other animals called?
Predators
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What are the organisms that are eaten by predators called?
Prey
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What are apex predators?
Top
consumers
with no predators
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How does energy availability change in a food chain?
It decreases as the
chain length
increases
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Why are there fewer apex predators than primary consumers?
Energy
decreases along the food chain
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What happens to the number of predators and prey in a stable community?
They rise and fall in
cycles
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How can the relationship between predators and prey be visually represented?
In a
predator-prey
graph
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Key Point
In the
predator-prey
graph, both lines follow the same
pattern
but the changes in predator
numbers
happen just after the changes in prey.