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Communication and homeostasis
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Thermoregulation
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Thermoregulation
Body temp changes affect
structure
and globular proteins activity (e.g.
enzymes
)
Endotherms
(e.g. mammals and birds)
Can use internal heat source from
metabolism
to maintain body temp
Maintain
constant
temperature in narrow limits by both
physiological
and
behavioural
methods
Ectotherms
(All animals, except birds and mammals)
Obtain body heat from external
environment
Do not generate much in body
Use behavioural mechanisms to control temperature
Thermoregulation in Endotherms
Advantages:
Maintain constant temperature
Activity possible regardless
Can inhabitant colder areas
Disadvantages:
Significant energy intake used for warmth
More food needed
Less for growth
Sweating:
Sweat evaporates off our skin, cooling
Energy to evaporate it (
latent heat of vaporisation
) is internally
Mammals
Hypothalamus
at brain base
Temperature receptors monitor blood temp
Also impulses from
peripheral
skin temp receptors
Indicates external environment; warning
Sends impulses to muscles and
liver
to control internal heat input
Thermoregulation in Ectotherms
Advantages:
Use less food in
respiration
Need to find less
Can survive for long periods without eating
More
energy
for growth
Disadvantages:
Less active in cooler temperatures
Need to warm up in morning to be active
Greater
predation
risk
May need energy stores to survive
winter
Endotherms Behavioural Mechanisms
Too hot
Go to shade or hide in burrow
Orientate to decrease
SA
exposed to sun
In shade, spread limbs out to increase SA for heat loss by
conduction
and
radiation
Remain inactive to reduce internal heat generation
Humans
Wear fewer
clothes
Eat cool salads
Drink iced drinks
Too cold
Move to warmer place, bask
Orientate to increase SA exposed to sun and radiation heat gain
In
extreme
, reduce SA by rolling into ball to reduce heat loss
Move about to generate
muscle heat
Humans
Put on more clothes (
insulation
)
Eat hot food
Drink hot drinks
Ectotherm Mechanisms
Fill in
A)
More
B)
radiation/conduction
C)
Larger
D)
Less
E)
less
F)
Reduces
G)
rib cage
H)
Surface Area
I)
water
9
Endotherms Physiological Mechanisms
Fill in
A)
more
B)
relax
C)
Reduce
D)
More
E)
vasodilation
F)
more
G)
reduced
H)
Less
I)
increases
J)
Less
K)
contract
L)
Reduce
M)
vasoconstriction
N)
less
O)
increased
P)
more
16
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