Save
Human A&P
Skeletal System - Bone Tissue
Bone Tissue
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Share
Learn
Created by
Raven
Visit profile
Cards (70)
What are the general functions of the skeletal system?
Support
Protection
Assistance in movement
Mineral homeostasis
Blood cell
production (
red
bone marrow)
Triglyceride
storage (
yellow
bone marrow)
View source
What are the structural components of bone tissue?
Cellular
and
extracellular
components
View source
What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?
Compact
bone is dense and strong, while
spongy
bone has a porous structure.
View source
What is the diaphysis of a long bone?
The
body
or
shaft
of the bone.
View source
What is the function of the epiphyseal plate?
It is the area of active growth in
long bones
.
View source
What is the role of articular cartilage?
It
reduces
friction and absorbs shock at
joints.
View source
What are the two layers of the periosteum and their functions?
Dense fibrous
outer layer: Provides
protection
and attachment for ligaments and tendons.
Inner osteogenic layer: Role in
bone growth
and assists in
fracture repair.
View source
What is the medullary cavity?
It is the hollow space within the diaphysis of long bones containing
yellow
bone marrow and
blood vessels.
View source
What is calcification in bone tissue?
It is the process where
mineral salts
are deposited and crystallize along the
collagen
and extracellular matrix material.
View source
What percentage of bone tissue is water?
15%
View source
What are osteoprogenitor cells?
They are
stem cells
of the bone that divide and produce
osteoblasts
.
View source
What do osteoblasts do?
They build
bone
and synthesize
collagen
fibers and organic compounds.
View source
What is the function of osteocytes?
They maintain daily
metabolism
and exchange nutrients and wastes with the
blood.
View source
What are osteoclasts?
They are
large cells
that digest the protein and mineral components of the bone's
extracellular matrix.
View source
What are the types of bone tissue and their characteristics?
Compact Bone
: Strongest type, dense with few spaces, provides protection and support.
Spongy Bone: Also called
trabecular
bone, made of irregular patterns of thin columns, no
osteons
present.
View source
What are osteons?
They are repeating structural units of concentric bone
lamellae
arranged around an
osteogenic
canal.
View source
What is the function of bone canaliculi?
They connect
bone lacunae
and allow for nutrient and waste exchange between
osteocytes
.
View source
What is the role of the endosteum?
It lines the
medullary
cavity and the internal spaces of
spongy
bone.
View source
What are the functions of spongy bone?
Decreases weight/mass of bone improving movement.
Protects red marrow for blood cell production (
hemopoiesis
).
View source
What is hemopoiesis?
It is the process of
blood cell production.
View source
How does the skeletal system participate in homeostasis of plasma calcium levels?
It regulates calcium levels through the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
View source
What are the steps involved in fracture repair?
Hematoma
formation
Fibrocartilaginous
callus formation
Bony
callus formation
Bone
remodeling
View source
What is the nutrient artery's role in bone?
It supplies blood to the inner diaphysis,
trabeculae
, and
bone marrow.
View source
What is the significance of perforating canals in bone?
They allow
blood vessels
from the
periosteum
to enter the bone matrix.
View source
What is ossification?
It is the process by which bone
forms.
View source
What are the two patterns of bone formation?
Intramembranous
ossification
Endochondral
ossification
View source
Where does intramembranous ossification occur?
At the
skull
,
facial
bones, mandible, and part of the clavicle.
View source
What happens during intramembranous ossification?
Mesenchymal
cells differentiate into
osteoprogenitor
cells, then osteoblasts, leading to bone formation.
View source
What is the role of osteoblasts during intramembranous ossification?
They secrete
extracellular matrix
and become surrounded to form
osteocytes.
View source
What is the outcome of calcification during intramembranous ossification?
Minerals
deposit and calcification occurs, forming trabeculae and red marrow around
blood
vessels.
View source
What forms around the periphery during intramembranous ossification?
The
periosteum
forms around the
periphery.
View source
What replaces spongy bone on the surface during intramembranous ossification?
Compact bone replaces spongy bone
on the
surface.
View source
What is the primary function of compact bone?
To provide protection, support, and resist strains from
weight
and
movement.
View source
What is the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification?
Intramembranous: Occurs in
flat
and
irregular
bones, involves direct bone formation from mesenchyme.
Endochondral: Involves the
replacement
of cartilage with bone, occurs in
long
bones.
View source
What is the process by which bone forms called?
Ossification
View source
In which situations does ossification occur?
Initial
formation
in embryo and fetus
Bone
growth
from infancy through adolescence
Remodeling
of bone
Fracture
repair
View source
What is mesenchyme in the context of initial bone formation?
Mesenchyme
is the tissue that forms in the general shape of bone during
fetal
development.
View source
What are the two patterns of bone formation?
Intramembranous
ossification
Endochondral
ossification
View source
Where does intramembranous ossification occur?
Skull
Facial
bones
Mandible
Part of the
clavicle
View source
What happens to mesenchymal cells during intramembranous ossification?
Mesenchymal cells congregate and differentiate into
osteoprogenitor
cells, then
osteoblasts.
View source
See all 70 cards