Hungarian Uprising 1956

• What is the time period covered in the origins of the Cold War?

  1945-49
• What is the main focus of the examination practice section?


  Guidance on how to answer the examination question
• What are two key elements you must include in your answer about US-Soviet relations?


  Truman Doctrine, 1947 and Containment, 1947
• What steps should you follow to answer the examination question effectively?


  1. Underline key points in the question.
  2. Organize notes chronologically.
  3. Begin with the text of the question.
  4. Explain each development fully.
  5. Link developments to the question.
  6. Include key dates and main points.
• Why is it important to choose relevant points in your answer?


  To ensure you provide detailed information and earn more marks
• What is the first development in US/Soviet relations mentioned?

  The Truman Doctrine
• What was the purpose of the Truman Doctrine?


  To provide US support to resist the spread of communism
• What was the Marshall Plan aimed at?


  Aiding war-destroyed economies in Europe
• What event is associated with the Berlin Blockade?


  The division of Berlin into East and West
• What was the Warsaw Pact formed in response to?


  The formation of NATO
• What were the consequences of the Warsaw Pact?


  • Countered NATO's influence
  • Increased Cold War tensions
  • Contributed to the arms race
  • Led to conflicts in Eastern Europe
• What was the arms race between the USA and the Soviet Union focused on?


  Building more and bigger atomic bombs
• What shocked Stalin in 1945 regarding atomic bombs?


  The USA had tested five atomic bombs
• When did the Soviet Union test its first atomic bomb?


  1949
• What was the significance of the Soviet atomic bomb?


  It transformed military power dynamics between the USA and the USSR
• What event intensified the arms race in 1953?


  The death of Stalin
• Who replaced Rákosi as the leader of Hungary?


  Imre Nagy
• What was the political situation in Hungary after WWII?


  The Communist Party became the biggest party through pressure and control
• What methods did Rákosi use to control Hungary?


  Terror and brutality, including purges and mass arrests
• What was the estimated number of people killed during Rákosi's purges?


  Approximately 2,000
• What was the role of Cardinal Mindszenty in Hungary?


  He was the leader of the Hungarian Catholic Church and was imprisoned
• What were the key events of the Hungarian uprising in October 1956?


  • Protests against Rákosi's regime
  • Imre Nagy announced reforms
  • Soviet invasion to suppress the uprising
  • International reactions and lack of support for Hungary
• What did Khrushchev mean by stating, ‘The Soviet Union cannot… allow a breach in the front of eastern Europe’?


  He meant that the USSR needed to maintain control over Eastern Europe to prevent Western influence
• When was Imre Nagy’s statue erected in Budapest?


  1989
• What was the impact of the Cold War on Europe after the Berlin Crisis?


  It intensified East-West rivalry and led to the formation of military alliances
• What was the main purpose of the Warsaw Pact?


  To counter NATO and support member nations if attacked
• How did the arms race affect US-Soviet relations?


  It increased tensions and competition between the two superpowers
• What were the long-term consequences of the Hungarian uprising for Soviet control in Eastern Europe?


  It demonstrated the limits of Soviet control and encouraged dissent in other Eastern Bloc countries