U2L1!2

• What is ethnomethodology?

  It is a socio-cultural perspective emphasizing interaction processes and perceptions of consensus among people.
• How does ethnomethodology view interpersonal techniques?

  It views them as essential for creating situational impressions.
• What does the dramaturgical perspective analyze?

  It analyzes human behavior similarly to how one would analyze a play's presentation to an audience.
• What is the origin of the conflict perspective in sociology?


  It originated primarily from Karl Marx's writings on class struggles.
• How does the conflict perspective differ from functionalism and symbolic interactionism?


  It presents society in a different light than these other perspectives.
• What does functionalism presuppose about society?

  It presupposes that every aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to its total functioning.
• Which social institutions does functionalism consider significant?

  The government, the school, and the family.
• What does symbolic interactionism examine?

  It examines how participants in socialization choose and agree on the meaning of symbols.
• What does the term "ideas" refer to in the context of culture?

  It refers to man's concepts of his physical, social, and cultural world as manifested in beliefs and values.
• How is society defined?

  A society is a group of people interacting with each other and sharing a common culture.
• What did Plato's "Republic" advocate for?

  It laid standards for an ideal society ruled by philosopher-kings and guardians.
• What did Aristotle state about man in his work "Politics"?

  He stated that man is self-sufficient and those unable to live in society must be either beasts or gods.
• What concept did St. Augustine describe in "City of God"?


  He described society's ultimate pilgrimage towards the kingdom of God, closely identified with the church.
• What does the term "utopia" refer to as coined by Sir Thomas More?

  It refers to an ideal, imaginary island nation with a specific political system.
• How are different societies categorized according to anthropologists?

  They are categorized according to methods of subsistence and access to resources, prestige, or power.
• What characterizes hunting and gathering societies?

  They rely on the collection of wild plants and hunting of wild animals without establishing permanent villages.
• What is the typical size of hunting and gathering societies?

  They generally consist of 60-100 people.
• How is leadership characterized in tribal societies?

  Leadership is personal and based on charisma, used only for special purposes.
• What do pastoral societies depend on for their food supply?

  They depend on domesticated herds of animals.
• How do pastoral societies differ from hunting and gathering societies?

  Pastoral societies can support larger populations due to a more reliable food supply.
• What is the main source of food for horticultural societies?

  They raise fruits and vegetables grown in garden plots.
• What agricultural method do some horticultural groups practice?

  They practice the slash-and-burn method or the kaingin system.
• How do horticulturists manage their land?

  They clear new plots when the old ones become unproductive and allow them to revert to their natural state.
• What are norms in society?

  Norms are society's standards of morality, conduct, propriety, ethics, and legality.
• How do folkways differ from other norms?

  Folkways are weak forms of norms whose violation is generally not considered serious.
• What are beliefs in the context of culture?

  Beliefs are man's perceptions about the reality of things and shared ideas about how the world operates.
• How do values influence a person's behavior?

  Values reflect a person's sense of right and wrong and sociologically influence attitudes and behavior.
• What does material culture refer to?

  Material culture deals with the physical culture, including technology, artifacts, and tangible remains of cultural development.
• What does non-material culture encompass?

  Non-material culture includes values, norms, beliefs, traditions, and customs that shape individuals in society.
• How does culture serve as a means of communication?

  Culture is symbolic, allowing communication through language and symbols understood by all.
• What is the process of adaptation in culture?

  Adaptation is the process of change in response to a new environment, a component of acculturation.
• How does culture provide satisfaction for human needs?

  Culture satisfies biological and socio-cultural needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter.
• What is enculturation?

  Enculturation is the acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values throughout a person's life.
• How is culture transmitted within a social group?

  Culture is transmitted through imitation, instruction, and example to succeeding generations.
• What does the definition of culture by Edward B. Tylor encompass?


  Culture includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
• What characterizes modern societies?

  Modern societies are characterized by mass production of essential products and reliance on commodity-money.
• How do banks function in modern societies?

  Banks serve as repositories for saved money and sources of unearned money through loans.
• What is the significance of industrial societies?

  Industrial societies rely heavily on machines powered by fuels for the production of goods.
• What defines post-industrial societies?

  Post-industrial societies are dominated by information, services, and high technology, shifting towards an increase in service sectors.
• What is feudal society characterized by?


  Feudal society is characterized by land ownership and the exploitation of peasants for food and services in exchange for protection.