U3L2

• What significant development marked the beginning of the Bronze Age?

  The first time humans started to work with metal
• How did bronze tools and weapons compare to earlier stone versions?

  Bronze tools and weapons soon replaced earlier stone versions
• What materials were used alongside bronze for tools during the Bronze Age?

  Wood and stone were also used for tools
• Why was bronze considered better for cutting and chopping?

  Bronze was easier to shape and more effective than wood and stone
• When may humans have started smelting copper?

  As early as 6,000 B.C.
• What is the Fertile Crescent often referred to as?


  The cradle of civilization
• What time period did the Bronze Age last from?

  Roughly 3300 to 1200 B.C.
• What event marked the end of the Bronze Age in the Middle East, North Africa, and Mediterranean Europe?


  The near-simultaneous collapse of several prominent Bronze Age civilizations
• What do historians believe about the transition from the Bronze Age?

  It was sudden, violent, and culturally disruptive
• What metals were used to create bronze?

  Bronze is made from copper and tin
• Which early great civilizations emerged during the Bronze Age?

  The Sumerians, Egyptians, Minoans, Hittites, and Mycenaeans
• What does the term Neolithic Age refer to?


  A period when agriculture became the primary means of subsistence
• When did the transition to agricultural life commence?

  About 10,000 B.C.
• What climatic change facilitated the transition to agriculture at the end of the last glacial period?

  A warmer global climate
• What is the significance of the Neolithic Revolution as popularized by Gordon Childe?

  It refers to the introduction of agriculture and animal domestication
• What were the primary means of subsistence during the Paleolithic Age?

  Hunter-gatherers relied on gathering and hunting
• What percentage of subsistence came from gathering in the Paleolithic Age?

  80%
• What distinguishes the Paleolithic Age from other periods?


  It is characterized by the original development of stone tools
• How did humans in the Paleolithic Age obtain their food?

  By gathering plants, fishing, hunting, and scavenging wild animals
• When did the Paleolithic Age begin and end?

  It began about 40,000 years ago and ended around 10,000 B.C.
• What were the contributions of the Bronze Age to civilization?

  • Introduction of metalworking
  • Development of advanced tools and weapons
  • Formation of early great civilizations
  • Transition from pre-history to history
• What innovations emerged during the Neolithic Age that paved the way for future advancements?

  • Introduction of agriculture
  • Domestication of animals
  • Development of permanent settlements
  • Advancements in tool-making
• What are the key characteristics of the Paleolithic Age?

  • Use of stone tools
  • Nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle
  • Development of language and art
  • Subsistence through gathering and hunting