UNIT 1.3_ Science and technology in the Philippines

• Pre-colonial Philippines - Long before the Spaniards arrived, primitive Filipinos had simpler technologies compared to neighboring countries. Ancient Filipinos used simple stones and tools and learned how to make ceramics, potteries, weaving and handicrafts.
• Pre-colonial Philippines - Period prior to 1521. Early settlers called modern man (Homo sapiens). They make simple tools, produced seashells ornaments & pottery of

  various designs. Few reliable written materials information available ( early traders and narrative from first Spanish missionaries were the source)
• Pre-colonial Philippines - Filipinos made use of boats for coastal trade like the caracao. Gradually they learned to manufacture tools made of copper, gold, bronze and iron. Filipino traded beeswax, cotton, pearl, cloth, iron pots, colored glass beads, iron needles and tin. Vietnam and china traded porcelains. Filipino traded with Borneo, Malacca and other Malay peninsula. Cultural and technological influences reached and diffused in the Philippines.
• Pre-colonial Philippines - Filipinos were believers of superstitions. They had own writing and measuring systems and counted the years by moons and from one harvest to another. Coastal areas made more sophisticated technology compared to other areas due to their exposure to foreign trade and cultural influences. Filipino were still hunter gatherers(remote areas) They knew the agriculture, raising farm animals, producing wine, vinegar, salt and bee products & minings. Filipino lived in wood, bamboo, or nipa houses. More colorful clothes, self made jewelry and even teeth ornamented with gold
• Spanish period - The arrival of the Spaniards hastened the development of science and technology in the country. The Church was heavily dominant and influential in the government and science professions began to exist due to the establishment of schools, hospitals and research facilities. Period of birth of modern science and technology in the Philippines. Religious orders had great influence. They had education and politics.
• Spanish period - Politics - Barangay headed by datu (the lowest level of local government) Tax was imposed and collected. Compulsory labor services were enforced among the native Filipinos. Compulsory sales of local products to the government was implemented.
• Spanish period - Education - Primary education was mainly religious in nature. Established with the help of religious orders. Higher education mostly accessible to the elite of the society. Higher education was initially offered for priesthood and for clerical position in the government.
• Spanish period - Economy - Galleon trade (manila to acapulco during 1565-1813) Weaving, embroidery, hat making, cigar, & cigarette making. Water work system. Banking system. Due To Lack Of Supports, Philippine Native Industries Did Not Survive The Foreign Imported Products.
• Spanish period - Medicine - Mostly used herbal plants. 1871, schools of pharmacy and medicine were opened in university of sto.Tomas Leon ma. Guerrero known as father of philippine pharmacy ( first BS pharmacy graduates, worked extensive on phil. Medicine plants) Perform biochemical analyses for public health purposes and specimen examination for clinic and medico legal cases.
• American period - brought made rapid advancements in the country’s science and technology. The Americans gave way for secularized public schools which made education available to the public.
• Bureau of science - Research was strengthened with the establishment of the Bureau of Science in 1905. It served as the main research facility in the country until World War II. The research facility focused on finding cure for diseases like leprosy, dengue and malaria which were very rampant at that time.
• National research council of the Philippines - In 1933, was established to promote scientific research in the country.