LESSON 2

• Who are the authors of the Client Centered Nursing Theory mentioned in the study material?

  Dorothea Orem, Nola Pender, and Sister Callista Roy
• What does person-centered care involve?

  Knowledge of the individual as a whole person and involving them in assessing their own needs and planning their care
• How many Nursing Theories focus on Client-centered theory according to the study material?

  Eleven Nursing Theories
• What is the focus of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory?

  Each individual's ability to perform self-care to maintain life, health, and well-being
• What years did Orem work for the Division of Hospital and Institutional Services of the Indiana State Board of Health?

  1949-1957
• What was Orem's goal during her work with the Indiana State Board of Health?

  To upgrade the quality of nursing in general hospitals throughout the state
• When was Orem’s Nursing: Concept of Practice first published?

  1971
• What are the three theories included in Orem’s General Theory of Nursing?

  Theory of Self-care, Theory of Self-care Deficit, Theory of Nursing Systems
• What is defined as the practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf?

  Self-care
• What is self-care agency?


  It is the human ability to engage in self-care
• What conditions can affect self-care agency?

  Age, developmental state, life experience, sociocultural orientation, health, and available resources
• What does therapeutic self-care demand refer to?

  The totality of self-care actions to be performed to meet self-care requisites
• What are universal self-care requisites associated with?

  Life processes and the maintenance of the integrity of human structure and functioning
• What are some examples of activities of daily living (ADL) in universal self-care requisites?

  Maintenance of sufficient intake of air, water, food, and care associated with elimination processes
• What are developmental self-care requisites associated with?

  Developmental processes or conditions associated with an event
• What does health division self-care require?

  Seeking appropriate medical assistance and attending to the effects of pathologic conditions
• When is nursing required according to the Theory of Self-Care Deficit?

  When an adult is incapable or limited in providing continuous effective self-care
• What are the five methods of helping in nursing?

  Acting for others, guiding for others, supporting another, providing an environment for personal development, and teaching another
• What are the steps in Orem’s Nursing Process?

  Diagnosis and prescription, design of a nursing system, and production and management of nursing systems
• What areas should data be collected in during Step 1 of Orem's Nursing Process?

  The person's health status, physician's perspective, personal perspective, health goals, self-care requirements, and capacity for self-care
• What is the goal of nursing according to the study material?

  To render the patient capable of meeting their self-care needs and maintaining a state of health
• How is health defined in the study material?

  As a state of being structurally and functionally whole or sound
• What does the environment encompass according to the study material?

  Environmental factors, elements, conditions, and developmental environment
• How is a person conceptualized in the study material?

  As a total being with universal, developmental needs capable of continuous self-care
• Who developed the Health Promotion Model?

  Nola J. Pender
• What is the purpose of the Health Promotion Model?

  To assist nurses in understanding the major determinants of health behaviors for promoting healthy lifestyles
• What philosophical roots does the Health Promotion Model have?

  Reciprocal Interaction World View, viewing humans holistically while studying parts in context
• What theoretical roots does the Health Promotion Model draw from?

  Expectancy value theory and Social Cognitive Theory
• What are the assumptions of the Health Promotion Model?

  Persons seek to create living conditions to express their health potential and have the capacity for reflective self-awareness
• What do the theoretical propositions of the Health Promotion Model provide?

  A basis for investigative work on health behaviors
• How does the environment influence health behaviors according to the Health Promotion Model?

  Situational influences can increase or decrease commitment to health-promoting behaviors
• What is the goal of nursing according to Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model?

  To promote adaptation in each of the four modes
• What are the four adaptive modes in Roy's Adaptation Model?

  Physiologic-physical mode, self-concept-group identity mode, role function mode, interdependence mode
• What do adaptive responses promote according to Roy's Adaptation Model?

  The integrity of the person
• What are the two coping subsystems in Roy's Adaptation Model?

  Cognator subsystem and regulator subsystem
• What are focal stimuli in Roy's Adaptation Model?

  Stimuli that are the proximate causes of the situation
• How is health defined in Roy's Adaptation Model?


  A state and process of being and becoming integrated and whole
• What is the relationship between person and environment in Roy's Adaptation Model?

  It is reciprocal, with individual characteristics and life experiences shaping behaviors
• What is the definition of nursing in Roy's Adaptation Model?

  Collaboration with individuals, families, and communities to create favorable conditions for optimal health
• What are the key components of Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory?

  • Self-care: Activities individuals perform for their own health
  • Self-care agency: Ability to engage in self-care
  • Therapeutic self-care demand: Totality of self-care actions needed
  • Universal self-care requisites: Basic needs for health maintenance
  • Developmental self-care requisites: Needs associated with life changes
  • Health division self-care: Needs during illness or injury