LESSON 3

• Who is Myra Estrin Levine?

  A nursing theorist known for her Conservation Model.
• What is the goal of nursing according to Levine's Conservation Model?

  To promote adaptation and maintain wholeness using the four principles of conservation.
• What year was Myra Estrin Levine born?

  1921
• Where did Myra Estrin Levine receive her diploma in nursing?

  Cook County School of Nursing.
• What degree did Levine earn from the University of Chicago in 1949?

  Bachelor of Science in Nursing.
• What was Levine's role at Drexel Home in Chicago?

  Director of nursing.
• When did Myra Estrin Levine die?

  March 20, 1996.
• What was the initial purpose of the Conservation Model developed by Levine?

  It was constructed as a teaching framework for medical surgical nursing.
• What are the three concepts of the Conservation Model?

  Wholeness, adaptation, and conservation.
• How does Levine define wholeness in her model?


  As a condition of health where constant adaptations to the environment permit ease and assurance of integrity.
• What is adaptation according to Levine?


  A process of change whereby the individual retains integrity within their internal and external environment.
• What does conservation focus on in Levine's model?


  Achieving a balance of energy supply and demand within the individual's biological realities.
• What are the four types of organismic responses in adaptation?

  Fight or flight, inflammatory-immune, stress, and perceptual awareness.
• What does the conservation of energy principle refer to?

  Balance between energy expenditure and conservation, affecting patient activity.
• What is the significance of conservation of personal integrity in nursing?

  It emphasizes the dignity, identity, and self-worth of the patient.
• What does the conservation of social integrity involve?

  Helping individuals preserve their place in family, community, and society.
• What are the two theories derived from the Conservation Model?

  Theory of redundancy and theory of therapeutic intention.
• What does the theory of redundancy propose?

  Aging is diminished availability of redundant systems necessary for effective maintenance of well-being.
• What is the purpose of the theory of therapeutic intention?

  To organize nursing interventions based on biological realities faced by nurses.
• How does Levine's theory contribute to nursing and healthcare?

  It provides a systematic way to view patients holistically and intervene accordingly.
• What is the summary of Myra Levine's theory?

  It interrelates the concepts of conservation, adaptation, and integrity to promote health.
• Who is Lydia Eloise Hall?


  A nursing theorist who developed the Care, Cure, Core model of nursing.
• What year was Lydia Hall born?

  1906
• What degree did Lydia Hall earn from Columbia University?

  Bachelor of Science in public health nursing.
• What are the three aspects of Lydia Hall's nursing theory?

  The care, the core, and the cure.
• What does "the care" aspect of Hall's theory involve?


  Nurturing component of care that provides bodily care and helps patients with daily activities.
• How does "the core" aspect of Hall's theory function?


  It involves the therapeutic use of self to help patients express feelings regarding their health.
• What does "the cure" aspect of Hall's theory entail?


  Care based on pathological and therapeutic sciences, assisting doctors and advocating for patients.
• How do the three aspects of Hall's theory interact?

  They emphasize the importance of a total person approach and function together.
• What is the focus of Hall's nursing metaparadigm?

  The individual who is 16 years or older and past the acute stage of a long-term illness.
• How does Hall define health in her theory?


  As a state of self-awareness with conscious selection of optimal behaviors.
• What is the significance of the environment in Hall's theory?


  It relates to the individual and affects their psychological experience during treatment.
• What is the summary of Lydia Hall's theory?

  It involves three interlocking circles representing care, core, and cure aspects of nursing.
• Who is Martha Rogers?


  A nursing theorist known for her work on energy fields and homeodynamics.
• What year was Martha Rogers born?

  1914
• What does Martha Rogers mean by "energy fields"?


  They are the fundamental unit of both living and nonliving beings, characterized as infinite and pandimensional.
• How does Martha Rogers define "patterns"?


  As energy fields that represent a person's whole existence, perceptually present in all interactions.
• What is Martha Rogers' definition of homeodynamics?


  The evolution of a person's life process, including physiological equilibrium and continuous interactions with the environment.
• What are the components of homeodynamics according to Martha Rogers?

  Resonancy, helicy, integrality, synchrony, and reciprocity.
• What does the nursing metaparadigm according to Martha Rogers entail?

  Nursing is considered a profession that promotes health and well-being for all persons.