MIDTERM- SKELETAL SYSTEM

• FUNCTIONS OF THE BONE

  SUPPORT

  PROTECTION

  MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS

  BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION

  TRIGLYCERIDE STORAGE
• PARTS OF LONG BONE

  EPIPHYSES

  METAPHYSIS

  DIAPHYSIS

  ARTICULAR CARRTILAGE

  PERIOSTEUM

  MEDULLARY CARTILAGE

  ENDOSTEUM
• EPIPHYSES


  Proximal and distal end of the bone
• METAPHYSIS


  Contains hyaline cartilage that allows epiphysis to grow
• diaphysis


  main portion of the bone or the bone shaft
• ARTICULAR CARTILAGE


  Thin layer of hyaline cartilage
• periosteum


  outer fibrous layer

  inner osteogenic layer
• Sharpey's fiber


  thick bundle of collagen that extends from periosteum into the bone matrix
• medullary cavity


  contains yellow bone marrow
• endosteum


  contains single layer of bone-forming cells
• types of bone cells

  osteoprogenitor cell

  osteoblast

  osteocyte

  osteoclast
• compact bone


  composed of osteon

  contains concentric lamellae
• spongy bone


  reduces weight of the bone

  protects the red bone marrow
• site of hemopoesis


  hip bone

  ribs

  sternum

  vertebrae

  proximal ends of femur and humerus
• factors affecting bone growth and remodeling

  minerals

  calcium

  phosphorous
• parathyroid hormone


  increase blood calcium levels and bone resorption. acts on kidneys to retain calcium and stimulates formation of calcitriol
• calcitonin


  decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclastic activity
• bone division


  axial skeleton

  appendicular skeleton
• structural classification of bones

  fibrous joint

  cartilaginous joint

  synovial joint
• types of synovial joint

  uniaxial

  biaxial

  triaxial
• types of movement

  flexion and extension and hyperextension

  abduction and adduction

  external rotation and internal rotation

  rotation

  circumduction

  radial and ulnar deviation

  elevation and depression

  protraction and retraction

  inversion and eversion

  dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

  pronation and supination

  opposition