Music

• What is the art movement that started in France in 1860 and is characterized by visual impressions of the moment?

  Impressionism
• How is Impressionism characterized in terms of color and light?

  It is characterized by the shifting effect of color and light.
• What subjects do Impressionist artists typically paint?

  They usually paint outdoors, focusing on nature's landscapes.
• From which work did the name "Impressionism" derive?

  From Claude Monet's work, "Impression, soleil Levant."
• How did Impressionism in music adapt from the art movement?

  It was adapted from Art Impressionism, as the French turned against German Romantic music.
• What is the primary focus of Impressionism in music?


  It focuses on using sound to let the listener feel moods.
• Who are the notable 20th-century composers associated with Impressionism?

  Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel.
• When was Claude Debussy born?

  August 22, 1862.
• Where did Claude Debussy study music?

  At the Paris Conservatoire.
• What are some notable works by Claude Debussy?


  Fetes, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Fawn, Nuages, Pelleas et Melisande, La Mer, Claire de Lune.
• When was Maurice Ravel born?

  March 7, 1875.
• What are some notable works by Maurice Ravel?

  Bolero, Daphnis et Chloe, Pavane for a Dead Princess, Water Fountains, Sonatine for Piano, Miroirs.
• What art movement did Expressionism originally borrow from?

  Visual arts and literature.
• What emotions does Expressionism focus on expressing?

  Angst, despair, anger, and grief.
• How does Expressionism in music differ from Impressionism?

  It reveals the composer’s mind rather than presenting an impression of the environment.
• What musical techniques are commonly used in Expressionism?

  Atonality and the twelve-tone scale.
• Who is a notable composer associated with Expressionism?

  Arnold Schoenberg.
• When was Arnold Schoenberg born?

  September 13, 1874.
• What are some notable works by Arnold Schoenberg?

  Pierrot Lunaire, Gurreleider, Prelude from suite for piano OP 25, Transfigured Night, Erwartung, Moses und Aron, Peripetie.
• What does Electronic Music refer to?


  Music produced largely by electronic components such as synthesizers, samplers, computers, and drum machines.
• When was Electronic Music introduced?

  In the early 1950s.
• Who were some of the 20th-century composers that emphasized the capacity of electronic machines?

  Edgar Varese and Karlheinz Stockhausen.
• What is a synthesizer?

  A musical instrument that produces arrangements of electronic sounds.
• Who invented the electronic organ?

  Laurens Hammond in 1930.
• What is the function of an electric guitar?

  It is a string instrument that uses electric amplification.
• What does an electric keyboard reproduce?

  The timbre of every note in a piano with accuracy.
• Who is Edgar Varese?


  A French American composer who pioneered Electronic music.
• What are some notable works by Edgar Varese?


  Octandre, Ionisation, Ecuatorial, Poeme Electronique.
• What is Chance Music also known as?

  Aleatory music.
• What does the term "aleatory" mean?

  It comes from the Latin word "alea," meaning "dice."
• Who is considered the father of indeterminism or aleatory music?

  John Cage.
• When was John Cage born?

  September 5, 1912.
• What techniques does John Cage often rely on in his compositions?

  Coin flips and dice rolls to decide where or how to place a certain note.
• What are some notable works by John Cage?

  Greek Ode, 3 Easy Pieces, A Chant with Claps, Triple Paced No. 2, Black Mountain Piece.
• What are the main characteristics of Impressionism in music?

  • Adapted from Art Impressionism
  • Focus on moods and feelings
  • Reaction against heavy German Romantic music
• What are the main characteristics of Expressionism in music?

  • Focus on expressing emotions like angst and despair
  • Mainly German origin
  • Use of atonality and the twelve-tone scale
• What are the main characteristics of Electronic Music?


  • Produced by electronic components (synthesizers, computers)
  • One of the largest developments of 20th-century music
  • Introduced in the early 1950s
• What are the main characteristics of Chance Music?

  • Also known as aleatory music
  • Relies on chance operations (like coin flips)
  • Focuses on indeterminism in composition