Lesson 3

• What does IMRAD stand for in research writing?

  Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion
• What is the purpose of the IMRAD format?

  It facilitates learning and is useful for publications
• What part of the IMRAD does the question "What did you find?" refer to?

  Results
• What part of the IMRAD does the question "How did you do it?" refer to?

  Methods
• What part of the IMRAD does the question "Why did you do this study?" refer to?

  Introduction
• What part of the IMRAD does the question "What does it all mean?" refer to?

  Discussion
• What are the key components that go into each section of the IMRAD format?

  • Introduction: Identifying the inquiry and stating the problem
  • Methods: How the research was conducted
  • Results: Findings of the research
  • Discussion: Interpretation of the findings
• What are the steps in developing a research topic?

  1. Choose a broad topic
  2. Do a preliminary research
  3. Define the problem
  4. Refine the question
• Why is it important to choose a significant research topic?


  It must be able to answer or solve problems in the community
• What should you do after choosing a broad topic?

  You need to do preliminary research to understand it better
• What is the purpose of defining the problem in research?

  To narrow down a broad topic into feasible and manageable research questions
• What does refining the question involve?

  Evaluating the formulated questions to ensure they are specific and manageable
• What are the guidelines for writing a good research title?


  1. Must include research problem, locale, participants, and time period
  2. Should be broad yet concise
  3. Avoid terms like "Analysis of", "A Study of", etc.
  4. Written in inverted pyramid style if multiple lines
  5. In capital letters on the title page
  6. Ideally not longer than 15 substantive words
  7. Avoid redundant and unnecessary words
• What should research questions focus on?


  They should focus on a clear goal or objective
• What is the role of the introductory statement in formulating research questions?

  It must state the purpose or aim of the study
• How should the answers to research questions relate to the research problem?

  They should lead to the solution of the research problem
• What are some examples of good research titles?

  1. Solar-Powered Irrigation System for Rice Fields Using Moisture Sensors
  2. Utilization of Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) Seeds as a Source of Biodiesel
  3. Coconut Husk-Derived Sound Absorbent Material for Noise Reduction
  4. Cactus Mucilage as a Natural Coagulant for Wastewater Treatment
  5. Hydrogel from Cassava Starch for Soil Moisture Retention in Agriculture
• Who is the author of the guidelines adapted in the study material?

  1. N. Gore