Theory X

• believes employees are lazy and that they dislike work
• believes employees lack ambition, and will avoid taking responsibility
• believes employees dislike and are reluctant to accept change in the workplace
• believes employees are motivated by money - will not be possible to provide extra pay in current economic climate to motivate workers
• managers keep control - possible conflict between management and employees
• little trust - employees less likely to use their own initiative
• no consultation when making decisions - lower productivity and lower quality
• little delegation - fewer opportunities for employee promotions
• the theory x manager adapts an autocratic approach to management - supervising workers closely