Q1 L6: Islam

• It is an arabic term which means

  surrender, particularly putting faith in

  and entrusting oneself totally to the

  will of the one God.

  islam
• Arabs were tent-living nomads or Bedouin [Arabic

  badawiyyin "desert wanderers“]
• • Tribe - it is the largest social unit
  • Shaykh was the leader. A man of ability and judgment.
  • Individuals were identified through ancestry or kinship
  • Lived in traditional rules "Sunnah" (well trodden path) and by honor and retaliation.
• • The City of Mecca
  • "Makkah" means sanctuary
  • Located on the central western coast of the Arabian Peninsula.
  • It is a holy place
  • Pre-islamic people worshipped pantheon of local and tribal deities.
• • Al-Ka'bah
  • it is a famous black metioric stone that was venerated as a symbol of divine power and enshrined in a cubic enclosure "The cube"
  • The first ka'bah was constructed by Ishmael (son of Abraham and Hagar)
  • Contains 360 images represented celestial beings and forces of nature.
  • Arab tribe had images of its deities to which they paid homage during religious pilgrimages.
• • Yathrib
  • second most important city in Islam.
  • city that was later called Medina or

  Madinah “city of prophet”
• • Prophet Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah
  • "Muhammad" means worthy of praise
  • revealed the undiluted truth from Allah which is expressed in the Qur'an
  • 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib - Father
  • Aminah bint Wahb - Mother
  • Abu Talib ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib - Uncle
  • Khadija bint Khuwaylid - Wife
  • Fatimah - Daughter; outlived her father and provided descendants "Sayyid" master lord
• • He wander the hills of Makkah to fast, pray and do religious meditation.
  • Inside a cave on Mount Hira during a lunar month of Ramadan he was visited by an angel, Gabriel.
  • He recited the divine messages and teach them to his companions who would write them on leaves, stones, bones or parchment -- Qur'an
  • There is only God, the one called Allah.
  • Convert:

  Khadija - wife

  Ali ibn Abi Talib - cousin

  Zayd ibn Haritah -adopted slaveboy

  Abd Allah ibn Abi Quhafah (Abu Bakr) - friend

  Khalid ibn Sa'id and Uthman ibn Affah - rival Umayya clan also from Quraysh tribe
• • 615 C.E fifteen families fled Makkah to the safety of the Christian

  kingdom of Abyssinia

  • 619 C.E death of his two greatest benefiactors, his uncle Abu

  Talib and his first wife Khadija

  • 620 C.E six men from Yathrib went to visit Muhammad to ask

  him mediate as an impartial judge to settle the disputes between the

  warring clans of their city.

  • A year later twelve men visited him and invited to

  become their ruler.
• • 24 September 622, Muhammad fled to Yathrib. This journey is

  known as the Hijrah (“emigration,flight).

  • Muhammad’s followers followed him to Yathrib began to raid

  Makkah trading caravans. This war lasted for about a decade

  • Seventy prisoners from Makkah were captured and later ransomed

  in return for wealth.

  • 627 C.E The enemies of Muhammad made one last attempt to

  defeat the Muslims.

  • 632 C.E The 62-year old Muhammad led Muslims on another

  pilgrimage to Makkah.
• • Qur’an [Arabic “recitation”]
  • It is a written record of the words of Alllah spoken through divine messenger
  • The fact that such a beautiful message came to be expressed through an illiterate prophet is also taken as miraculously evidence of its divine origins.
• • Abu khar – prophet’s immediate successor
  • Zayd ibn Harithah – his secretary who originally written down the content of the Qur’an
  • Uthman ibn Affan – third caliph and ordered the compilation of a standard version
• • The Qur’an is divided into 114 portions called Surahs that contains approximately six thousand verses called Ayat [Arabic “signs, proof and evidences]
  • The shortest surah has only three while the longest surah contains 286 ayats.
• • Muhammad’s companions had transmitted a mass of oral traditions that describe his daily but anthology
  • Ahadith - have been compiles in an anthology known as the “Sunnah” (Arabic custom/tradition)
  • considered a secondary form of revelation.
• Several kinds of Sunnah:

  • Muhammad Sayings (Qawliyyah)
  • Muhammad’s actions, religious or otherwise (Sunnah al Fiiliyyah)
  • Muhammad’s approval of the actions of his companions (Sunnah Tagririyyah)
• Sunnahs:

  • Sunnahs about EATING

  “Bismillah” In the name of Allah (Bismillahi awwlahu wa aakhirah); “Dua” prayer.

  • Sunnahs about DRINKING (Water)

  "Bismillah" before drinking and say "Alhamdulillah" after drinking.

  • Sunnahs about SLEEPING

  before sleeping 33 times Subhan`Allah, 33 Alhamdulillah and 34 Allahu`Akbar. To recite the DUA before sleeping. To wake up for Tahajjud salaah.

  • Sunnahs when wearing CLOTHES

  White clothing. When putting on any garment RasoolAllah

  (SalallahuAlaihiWaSallam)
• • To be good towards ones neighbor
  • To meet a Muslim with a cheerful face
  • To care for the poor and the needy
  • To keep good relations with all your relatives
  • To speak softly and politely