biotechnology

• what is biotechnology 


  is where living Things and biological processes are used and manipulated to produce a useful product.its a wide and rapidly expanding field that can’t be really handy if used to its full potential
• Bacteria can be engineered to produce human insulin
• Genetic engineering is transferring a useful gene from one organism to another
• What is a plasmid?


  A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA found in bacteria.
• What happens to a plasmid during the process described?

  The plasmid is removed from a bacterium.
• How is the insulin gene obtained from a human chromosome?

  The insulin gene is cut out using a restriction enzyme.
• What is the role of a restriction enzyme in DNA manipulation?

  A restriction enzyme recognizes specific subsequences of DNA and cuts at those points.
• What is a sticky end in DNA?

  A sticky end is a DNA end that has unpaired bases after a cut by a restriction enzyme.
• What happens to the plasmid after it is cut open?

  The plasmid is mixed with the human insulin gene.
• What enzyme is added to join the sticky ends of the plasmid and insulin gene?

  Ligase is the enzyme added to join the sticky ends together.
• What is produced after the ligase joins the sticky ends?

  Recombinant DNA is produced.
• What happens to the recombinant DNA after it is formed?

  The recombinant DNA is inserted into a bacterium.
• What is the outcome of growing the modified bacterium in controlled conditions?

  It results in millions of bacteria that produce insulin.
• Mycoprotein

  food from fungi
• Using modern biotechnology techniques large amounts of microorganism can be cultured industrioayy under controlled condition in large vats for use of food source
• Mycroproteun is used to make high protein meat substitutes for vegetarian meals
• It’s made from fungus fusarium which is grown in aerobic conditions on glucose syrup which is uses for foood
• the fungal biomass is harvested and purified to produce mycoproeteij
• Crops can be genetically modified
• • Biotechnology could help with
  • GM crops to be produced that are resistant pests
  • grow better in drought conditions
  • more nutritional value e.g golden rice tp to produce chemical that’s concerted in body to vitamin A
• • Many people argue that people go hungry because they cant afford to buy food
  • tackle poverty first
  • poor soil is main reason why crops fail