Lesson 3

• Manus means

  Hand
• Factus means

  Make
• Technologically, manufacturing is the application of  physical and chemical processes to alter the geometry , properties, and/or appearance of a given starting material to make parts or products 
• Economically, manufacturing is the transformation of materials into items of greater value by means of one or more processing and/or assembly operations.
• Primary industries -  cultivate and exploit natural resources, such as agriculture and mining
• Examples of Primary Industries

  (ex. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, livestock, quarries, mining and petroleum)
• Secondary industries – take the outputs of the primary industries and convert them into consumer and capital goods
• Examples of Secondary industries

  ( aerospace, apparel, automotive, basic metals, beverages, computers, ….etc.)
• Tertiary industries – constitute  the service sector of the economy
• Examples of Tertiary industries

  ( ex. Banking, hotel, education, communications, real state, restaurants etc..)
• |||Production quantity – refers to the number of units produced annually of a particular product type.

  >Low production – quantities in the range 1 to 100 units per year

  >Medium production – from 100 to 10,000 units annually

  >High production – 10,000 to millions of units.
• Consumer goods  - are products purchased directly by consumers, such as cars, personal computers…
• Capital goods – are those purchased by companies to produced goods and/or provide service.
• Product variety – refers to different product designs or types that are produced in the plant
• Manufacturing capability – refers to the technical and physical limitations of a manufacturing firm and each of its plant.
• ||||| Manufacturing capability can be identified;

  (1) technological processing capability

  (2) physical size, and weight of product

  (3) production capacity- the max. rate of production that a plant can achieve under assumed operating conditions.
• Manufacturing process – is a designed procedure that results in physical and or/chemical changes to a starting work material with the intention of increasing the value of that material.
• BASIC TYPES OF MANUFACTURING OPERATION

  ||||| Processing operations – transforms a work material from one state of completion to a more advanced state that is closer to the final desired product.

  ||||| Assembly operation – joins two or more components to create a new entity, called an assembly , sub assembly, or some refers to the joining process.
• THREE CATEGORIES OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS (SPS)

  >Shaping operations – processes include casting, forging and machining.

  > Property- enhancing operations - add value to the material by improving its physical properties without changing its shape . Ex. Heat treatment

  >Surface processing operations are performed to clean, treat, coat, or deposit material onto the exterior surface of the work. Ex. Coating, painting
• FOUR CATEGORIES OF SHAPING OPERATIONS (SPDM)

  >Solidification processes – in which the starting material is a heated liquid or semifluid that cools and solidifies to form the part

  >Particulate processing – in which the starting material is a powder, and the powders are formed and heated into desired geometry.

  >Deformation processes – in which the starting material is a ductile solid that is deformed to shape the part.

  >Material removal processes – are operations that remove excess material from the starting workpiece