Key words

• Encoding


  Changing information to be stored in the brain. The form of the information is changed.
• Retrieval

  The recovery of stored information.
• Visual encoding 


  The mind converts the visual image to a form in which can be understood.
• Acoustic encoding 


  Memories stored based on what they sound like such as the lyrics to their favourite song
• Semantic encoding


  Storing information based on meaning. Understanding a word because you use it in a sentence.
• Short term memory


  Recall of temporary memory. Limited amount of information for a relatively short period of time
• Long term memory


  Recall of permanent memory - Holds information indefinitely which makes it difficult to measure
• Episodic memory


  Memory of events from your life including the time, place and who was there
• Semantic memory

  Memory like your own encyclopaedia, everything you know
• Procedural memory


  Muscle memory remembering how to do something
• Declarative memory


  Conscious recall - long term memory
• Non - declarative memory


  Unconscious forms of learning : skills, habits, primary effects
• Coding 


  Refers to the format in which information can be held in memory
• Capacity 


  A measure of how much; the amount of information that can be held in memory
• Duration 


  How long something lasts; the length of time information can be held in memory
• Rehearsal 


  By rehearsing information it will go from short term memory to long term memory
• Primacy effect


  Remembering information from the beginning of the list
• Recency effect


  Remembering information from the end of the list
• Serial position effect


  Tendency to be able to recall words from the start of the list better then those in the middle of the list
• Social Knowledge


  How peoples thoughts, feelings, beliefs, intention and goals are constructed within a social context by the actual or imagined interactions with others
• Cultural Knowledge 


  How peoples feelings, beliefs, intentions and goals are constructed within a cultural context by the actual or imagined interactions with others
• Reconstructive memory 


  Fragments of stored information are reassembled during recall. The gaps are filled in by our own expectations and beliefs so that we can produce a story that 'makes sense'
• Effort after meaning 


  People recall the general meaning of events rather then the specific meaning and try to interpret the meaning of events with more familiar fragments of information
• Social and Cultural Influences 


  People transform parts of the story or picture based on their cultural expectations. This can change how they recall the information.
• Interference


  Forgetting occurs when tow memories affect one another causing one or both to be forgotten
• Synonyms 


  A word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase in the same language
• Context


  The situation we learn and/or recall information
• Cues


  Things that trigger memory, can include environmental cues or personal cues (internal)
• False memories 


  A memory for an event in time that did not happen but the person believes it to be a true memory
• Expectations 


  A strong belief that something will happen or be the case