Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharides are the monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made
• Glucose, galactose and fructose are common monosaccharides
• A condensation recation between two monosaccharides forms a glycosidic bond
• Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides
• Maltose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of two glucose molecules
• Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by condenstaion of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule
• Lactose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule
• Glucose has two isomers, alpha-glucose and beta-glucose
• Polysaccharides are formed by the condensation of many glucose units
• Glycogen and starch are formed by the condensation of alpha-glucose
• Cellulose is formed by the condensation of beta-glucose
• Carbohyfrates contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• Hydrogen and oxygen are present in carbohydrates, in the ratio 2:1 (H:O)
• Carbohydrates are classifies into three groups, monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
• A monomer is a single sub-unit
• A polymer is a molecule made up of many monomers, joined together
• Examples of monosaccharides are, glucose, fructose and galactose
• Examples of disaccharides are, maltose, sucrose and lactose
• Examples of polysaccharides are, glycogen, starch and cellulose