Lecture VII

• Three types of muscle: cardiac, smooth, skeletal
• Characteristics of all muscle:

  • excitability
  • contractility
  • extensibility
  • elasticity
• Excitability: muscle is electrically active
• Excitability. Electricity charged ions move across the sarcolemma
• Excitability. Ions will be sodium, potassium, calcium
• Contractility: not movement, generate force with protein
• Contractility. Contractile proteins are actin and myosin
• Extensibility: muscle can contract as length changes
• Elasticity: muscle recoils to original length after stretches
• Functions of muscle:

  • movement and body position
  • energy reproduction
  • temperature maintenance
  • regulate orifices
• Movement and body position. Move bones around joints
• Movement and body position. Hold body still, but still contract muscles
• Energy production. Produce ATP
• Energy production. Skeletal muscle produces most ATP
• Regulate orifices. Control openings for urinary, digestive, respiratory systems
• Smooth muscle. Internal organs
• Smooth muscle. Non-striated (pattern) muscle
• Smooth muscle. Involuntary movement
• Smooth muscle. Can contract based on stretch
• Smooth muscle. Prolonged contractions with little energy unlike others
• Smooth muscle. Small multinucleate (nucleus) cells
• Cardiac muscle. Locate in heart only
• Cardiac muscle. Striated (pattern)
• Cardiac muscle. Involuntary movement
• Cardiac muscle. Never fatigues
• Cardiac muscle. Aerobic respiration because needs oxygen
• Cardiac muscle. Cells are branched and connected by intercalated discs
• Cardiac muscle. One or two nuclei
• Tendons: dense regular connective tissue with lines of collagen fibers
• Tendons have a rope-like form
• Tendons attach to small specific point of the bone
• Tendons attach to fibrous periosteum
• Aponeuroses: sheet of dense regular connective tissue
• Aponeuroses attaches muscle over many bones or bony markings
• Aponeuroses are not as common as tendons
• Deep fascia is made of dense regular and irregular connective tissue
• Deep fascia locks in groups of muscle
• Epimysium covers a single muscle
• Epimysium is made of dense irregular connective tissue
• Epimysium holds muscle in place, and protects it