M19 quiz

• Sepsis and Septic Shock

  • Septicemia: acute illness due to the presence of pathogens or their toxins in the blood
  • Sepsis: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
  • Lymphangitis: Inflamed lymph vessels
  • Severe sepsis: Decreased blood pressure and dysfunction of a least one organ
  • Septic shock: Sepsis and uncontrollable decreased blood pressure
• Gram negative sepsis

  • Also called endotoxin shock
  • Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides [LPS]) cause a severe drop in blood pressure
  • Antibiotics can worsen the condition by killing the bacteria
  • Treatment involves neutralizing the LPS components and inflammatory-causing cytokines
• Gram-positive Sepsis

  • Potent exotoxins that cause toxic shock syndrome
  • Hospital-acquired infections

  Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis

  • Inhabit the colon
  • Colonize wounds and the urinary tract
  • Resistant to many antibiotics

  Group B streptococcus (GBS)

  • Streptococcus agalactiae
  • Neonatal sepsis
• Puerperal Sepsis

  • Also called puerperal fever and childbirth fever
  • Transmitted to the mother during childbirth
  • Infects the uterus and progresses to an infection of the abdominal cavity (Peritonitis) Peritoneum
• Endocarditis: Inflammation of the endocardium

  Subacute bacterial endocarditis: Impairs the function of the heart valves

  • Alpha-hemolytic streptococci from an oral or tonsil infection

  Acute bacterial endocarditis: Caused by Staphylococcus aureus

  Pericarditis: Inflammation of the sac around the heart

  • Streptococci
• Rheumatic Fever

  • Autoimmune complication of S. pyogenes infections
  • Inflammation of the heart valves
  • Immune reaction against streptococcal M protein
  • Subcutaneous nodules at the joints
  • Sydenham's Chorea
  • Purposeless, involuntary movements
• Tularemia

  • Caused by Francisella tularensis. Gram-negative rod
  • Zoonotic disease
  • Transmitted from rabbits, ticks, and insects by deer flies
  • Creates an ulcer at the site of entry
  • Bacterial reproduce in phagocytes. Enlarges the regional lymph nodes
  • Mortality usually <30%