Anatomy and Physiology - Musculoskeletal

• The adult body has 206 bones.
• Types of Bones

  1. Long bones
  2. Short bones
  3. Flat bones
  4. Irregular bones
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Humerus - long
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Carpals - short
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Radius - long
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Ulna - long
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Ribs - flat
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Scapula - flat
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Femur - long
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Tibia - long
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Vertebrae - irregular
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Ear ossicles - irregular
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Facial bones - irregular
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Fibula - long
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Tarsal - short
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Metatarsals - long
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Metacarpals - long
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Phalanges - long
• Long, Short, Flat, vs Irregular bones

  Pelvis - irregular
• Bone growth stops between 18 and 25 years.
• Different types of Joints

  Amphiarthrosis - cartilaginous and slightly movable joints
• Different types of Joints

  Condyloid - freely movable joins; they allow frictionless, painless movements
• Different types of Joints

  Diarthrosis - synovial joints; ball-and-socket joints
• Different types of Joints

  Synarthrosis - fibrous or fixed joints; no movement associated with these joints
• Different types of Joints

  Symphysis pubis - amphiarthrosis
• Different types of Joints

  Skull - synarthrosis
• Different types of Joints

  Wrists - condyloid
• Different types of Joints

  Hips - diarthrosis
• Different types of Joints

  Elbows - diarthrosis
• Ligaments hold bone and joint in the correct position.
• Synovial fluid lubricates cartilage.
• Synovial fluid provides a cushion against shock.
• Bone Growth

  Ossification - lengthening of the bone
• Bone Growth

  Osteoblast - width of the bone (repair)
• Tendons 


  Connect bone to muscle