recovery of repbulic 1924/29

• Who was appointed Chancellor of the Weimar Republic in August 1923?

  Gustav Stresemann
• What was the main goal of Stresemann's appointment as Chancellor?


  To end hyperinflation and restore faith in the Weimar Republic
• What factors contributed to the rise of extremist parties in Germany during this period?


  The invasion of the Ruhr and hyperinflation
• When did Stresemann step down as Chancellor?


  November 1923
• What currency did Stresemann introduce to combat hyperinflation?


  The Rentenmark
• How did the Rentenmark help stabilize the economy?


  Its supply was strictly limited and linked to gold prices
• What institution was established in August 1924 to control the currency?

  The Reichsbank
• What was the new currency called after the Rentenmark?

  The Reichsmark
• What was the impact of the new currency on people's faith in the economy?


  People began to trust the currency and it gained value
• What was the reaction of some people to the stabilization of the economy?


  Some were angry because they lost their savings
• What did Stresemann negotiate with the Allies regarding reparations?


  He aimed to reduce the reparations payments
• Who did Stresemann meet in 1924 to discuss Germany's recovery?


  Charles Dawes
• What was the Dawes Plan?


  A plan to reduce reparations payments and provide American loans
• How much were the reparations payments reduced to in the first year under the Dawes Plan?


  1 billion marks
• What was the total reparations bill reduced to in the Young Plan?


  2,000 million pounds
• How did the Young Plan affect taxes for the German people?


  It led to lower taxes, increasing spending
• What was the overall impact of the financial plans of the 1920s on Germany?


  Employment and trade increased, creating wealth
• By what year did industrial output double compared to pre-World War I levels?


  1928
• What challenges did extremist parties pose during this period?


  They opposed any reparations payments and had growing support
• What did Stresemann mean by saying Germany was "dancing on a volcano"?


  He indicated that the economic recovery was fragile and dependent on foreign loans
• What were the key financial plans implemented in the 1920s to stabilize the German economy?

  • Introduction of the Rentenmark
  • Establishment of the Reichsbank
  • Dawes Plan: reduced reparations and American loans
  • Young Plan: reduced total reparations and extended payment period
• What were the strengths and weaknesses of the economic recovery in Germany during the 1920s?

  Strengths:

  • Stabilization of currency
  • Increased employment and trade
  • Doubling of industrial output by 1928

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Reliance on foreign loans
  • Continued support for extremist parties
  • Fragile economic position
• What historical period does the revision video cover?

  Weimar and Nazi Germany
• What was the impact of Stressman's economic and foreign policy changes in the 1920s?


  They led to important changes in politics, culture, and living standards for German people
• How did the improvement of the German economy affect people's disposable income?

  People found they had more disposable income
• What were the effects of improved work conditions in the 1920s for women?

  Women benefited from changes in the political structure and work conditions
• What were the changes in the average working week and wages between 1925 and 1927?


  • Average working week dropped from 50 hours to 46 hours
  • Wages rose by around 25%
• What new insurance was introduced in 1927 due to high unemployment levels?

  A new unemployment insurance
• How was the unemployment insurance funded?


  Workers were charged three percent of their wages
• What housing developments occurred between 1925 and 1929?

  • 37,000 new homes built by private companies
  • 64,000 homes built by a government scheme
• What support was introduced for World War One veterans in 1920?


  A veteran's pension
• How did the education system change by 1928?


  The number of young people attending university increased by nearly 60%
• Why were big businesses unhappy with the changes in working conditions?


  They saw it as government interference in their rights
• What rights did women gain from the Weimar Constitution?


  Women were allowed to vote and stand for election
• What percentage of the Reichstag was female by 1932?


  10%
• What was the voting behavior of women in the new elections?


  Around 90% of women voted
• What were the employment trends for women after World War I?


  • 75% of women were in work by 1918
  • Employment returned to pre-war levels after the war
  • New part-time jobs in retail and service were created
  • Professional jobs for women doubled in the 1920s
• What was the average pay difference between men and women?


  Women were paid on average 33% less than men
• What societal expectations did women face regarding marriage and work?


  Women were expected to give up work when they got married
• What changes in lifestyle did some young women experience in cities during the 1920s?


  • More disposable income for clothes, makeup, and jewelry
  • Fashion trends included short hair and rising hemlines
  • Freedom to smoke, drink, and go out unaccompanied