Milgram's Variations

• What was Milgram's new baseline?

  • New modest labaratory
  • The Learner (Mr Wallace) mentioned he had a heart condition
  • Learner's responses were pre-recorded
  • Sample was the same
• What was Experiment 10 testing?

  Location
• Where was Experiment 10 held?

  Rundown office building, Bridgeport, New Haven
• What % obeyed?

  47.5%
• Why did people defy instructions?

  • Questioned the legitimacy of the experiment
  • Felt the Learner's safety was more important
• What was a strength to this variation?

  It produced Quantitive and Qualitative results, which allowed for real world applications
• Give an example of an application of Milgram's experiment 10?

  Andre Madigiliani and Francois Rochet used his findings on defiant survivors from the Holocaust
• What was Experiment 7 testing?

  Proximity
• How did Experiment 7 work?

  Participants were instead told instructions over the phone
• What % obeyed?

  22.5%
• What is a strength to Experiment 7?

  It had great Ecological Validity - Selkidides and Jackson (1990) conducted a similar study in New York Zoo, where they had a zookeeper tell visitors to not lean on railings, and when the authority figure left, the visitors carried on leaning on the railings
• What was Experiment 13 testing?


  Uniform
• What % obeyed?

  20%
• How did Experiment 13 work?

  • The Experimenter would be accompanied by an assistant who appeared to be an ordinary man
  • The Experimenter would leave and ask the assistant to continue the prep
  • The assistant would then suggest to shock the "Learner" everytime they made a mistake
• What was a weakness to Experiment 13?


  Lacked Internal Validity, as there was no of replicating the scenario fluently between participants