1st Periodical Exam

• 20th Century


  age of musical diversity due to the various kinds of styles, techniques, and approaches in music.
• Eclectic


  marked the invention of the gramophone records.
• Melody


  more angular contour (irregular) than those in the earlier periods.
• Difficult to sing


  feature disjunct progression.
• Disjunct Progression


  wide leaps or intervals from one note to the next.
• Meter and Rhythm


  unusual time signature and multimeter and unconventional meters
• Radio Broadcasting


  was first commercially done sometime in 1920 and also allowed many people to listen to classical music and opera music.
• Polyrhythm


  two or more meters are used at the same time. 
• Harmony


  unable to predict the structure of harmony.
• Impressionism


  • style of music that makes use of sound to let the listener feel the moods that focus on the structure of music
  • started and developed in France in the 19th century.
• Dissonance 


  lack of agreement and consistency in the progress of harmony music.
• Modality


  derived from the word “modal” which refers to the original modes used in music composition, meaning the traditional way of composing was abandoned in Impressionism music. 
• Whole-tone Scale


  the arrangement of pitches in the scale which are separated by a whole tone scale. 

   
• Expressionism

  • Conveys true emotions in exaggeration through the application of atonality and dissonance.
  • modernist movement that started in Germany.
  • initially an expression in painting and poetry.
• Achille-Claude Debussy

  • called the first impressionist composer
  • Born in France from a poor family.
  • For him, The primary aim of French music is to give pleasure. 
  • had his classical musical education in a leading conservatory in Paris for 12 years
• Joseph Maurice Ravel


  • born in the town of Ciboure, France.
  • deepest emotional tie of his entire life was his attachment to his mother.
  • earliest memories of music was when his mother sang the Spanish folk melodies to him.
  • took his first piano lesson after his 7th birthday under Henry Ghys. 
  • Deal with water in its flowing or stormy moods as well as human characterization.
• Dr. Antonio Molina


  • Filipino composer, conductor and music administrator
  • named a National Artist of the Philippines
  • known as the Claude Debussy of the Philippines
• Arnold Schoenberg


  • American composer born in Austria
  • method of organizing his music was the use of 12 different tones.
  • very influential figure and founder of musical modernism
• Igor Stravinsky


  • Russian
  • one of the popular and influential composers of the 20th century due to his innovative stylistic variations
  • composed music inspired by Russian folklore and music jazz influences
• Electronic Music


  process of creating music using computers in synthesizing or producing digital audio signals. Can be played at slow speed or fast speed and can be forwarded or rewind. 
• Synthesized Music


  Sounds generated by electronic signals of different frequencies. Sound can be modified by the use of sound synthesizers
• Canon


  musical piece which consists of two or more voices or instruments that are being played or started at different intervals. 
• Change Music


  Also called “aleatory music”, which is derived from the Latin word ‘alea’ meaning “dice”. As the name suggests, it is a composition created by chance rather than its logical order
• Avant-Garde


  • French word for "advance guard" or "vanguard"
  • term that is considered to be the center of experimentation and innovation applied in music
  • associated with electronic music and deals with the parameters of sound
• George Gershwin


  • Considered one of the most significant and popular American composers of the 20th century
  • was a great pianist and regarded as the “father of jazz music”
• Edgar Victor Achille Charles Varese


  • “father of electronic music”
  • the proponent of the word ‘organized sound’, which means grouping of rhythm and timbres to define music itself. 
  • rehearsal pianist of broadway musicals
• Karlheinz Stockhausen

  • one of the leading composers of electronic and serial music who strongly influenced the avant-garde composers. 
  • He experimented with tape recorders and electronic instruments.
• Leonard Bernstein

  • Composer, musician, author, lecturer, and a pianist. 
  • He received his big break when he conducted the New York Philharmonic Orchestra in 1943.
  • He was one of the first conductors in the US who received worldwide acclaim.
• Philip Glass

  • Was an avant-garde composer and exponent of minimalist movement. 
  • He formed the “Philip Glass Ensemble”
• John Cage

  • an American avant-garde composer whose inventive compositions and unconventional ideas greatly influenced 20th century music.
  • works were considered as one of the most important in the development of traditions
• Achille-Claude Debussy


  Ballet, Jeux de Vagues, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, Claire de Lune, Reverie, Lienfant, Prodigue
• Joseph Maurice Ravel


  Bolero, La Valse, La Mere L’oie, Miriors
• Dr. Antonio Molina


  Matinal, Hatinggabi, Awit ni Maria Clara, Malikmata, Batingaw
• Arnold Schoenberg


  Three piano pieces, Pierrot lunaire
• Igor Stravinsky


  The firebird, Petrushka, The rite of spring, Renard, Les noces
• George Gershwin


  When you want em, Rialto ripples, swanee la la lucille, Rhapsody in Blue, Someone to watch over me, Strike up to the band, Embraceable you, Porgy and bess, Shall we dance
• Edgard Victor Achille Charles Varese


  Hyperprism for wind instruments, Lonisation for percussion and piano, Density for unaccompanied flute, Deserts, Poeme electronique
• John Cage


  4’33, imaginary landscape no.4, Sonatas and interludes, Fontana mix. Cheap imitation, Roartorio, Finnegans wake
• Philip Glass


  First opera, Einstein on the beach, Scores for movies satyagraha, Koyaanisqatsi, Hamburger hill, Candyman, The truman show, The hours, Kundun, Notes on a scandal
• Leonard Bernstein


  Three symphonies, No.1 jeremiah, No.2 age. of anxietyNo3., kaddish, West side story, Candice. The joy of music, Young people’s concerts for reading and listening, The infinite variety of music, The unanswered question