Topic 5

• What year was the Data Protection Act enacted?


  1998
• What types of information does the Data Protection Act 1998 apply to?


  Information stored on computers and in organised paper filing systems
• What is classified as personal data under the Data Protection Act?


  Any data that can identify a living person
• What is an example of personal data?


  A person's name and address
• Who is referred to as the data subject?


  An individual who can be identified by personal data
• What are the eight specific ways the Data Protection Act protects data subjects?


  1. Processed fairly and lawfully
  2. Obtained for specified lawful purposes
  3. Adequate, relevant, and not excessive
  4. Accurate and kept up to date
  5. Not kept longer than necessary
  6. Processed in accordance with data subjects' rights
  7. Protected against unauthorized processing and accidental loss
  8. Not transferred outside the European Economic Area without adequate protection
• What right does a data subject have regarding their data?


  The right to request a copy of the data held about them
• What is another right of data subjects under the Data Protection Act?


  The right to correct the data held about them
• What significant change occurred in 2018 regarding data protection laws?


  The Data Protection Act was replaced by the GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018
• What does CMA stand for in the context of the Computer Misuse Act?


  Computer Misuse Act
• What does the Computer Misuse Act 1990 primarily address?


  The malicious use of computers
• What was the original purpose of the Computer Misuse Act?


  To ensure that computer hacking was covered by law
• What are the three primary offences outlined in the Computer Misuse Act?


  1. Unauthorised access to computer materials
  2. Unauthorised access with intent to commit further offences
  3. Unauthorised modification of computer material
• What is an example of unauthorised access to computer materials?


  Finding a teacher’s password and opening their files
• What is the consequence of unauthorised access with intent to commit further offences?


  It is punishable with imprisonment
• What does unauthorised modification of computer material involve?


  Changing data without permission
• What year was the Copyright, Design and Patents Act enacted?


  1988
• What does the Copyright, Design and Patents Act protect?


  People's property online, including logos and music recordings
• How long does copyright last after the creator's death?


  25-70 years, depending on the type of work
• What was added to the Copyright, Design and Patents Act in 1992?


  Computer programs were included as a type of literary work
• Who is responsible for taking action if their work is copied under the Copyright Act?


  The individual whose work has been copied
• What does RIPA stand for?


  Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act
• What does the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act cover?


  Investigation, surveillance, and interception of communication by public bodies
• What is an example of how RIPA is applied?


  The Secret Service wire-tapping online conversations with a warrant
• What do internet service providers and mobile phone companies have to do under RIPA?


  Provide information upon request from an authorised authority
• Why is the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act controversial?


  It is seen as an invasion of privacy and can be improperly used
• What are ethics concerned with?

  Values as a community and their impact on different groups in society
• What do morals relate to?


  Personal code of conduct and behavior choices
• How do ethics and morals differ?


  Ethics relate to community values, while morals relate to personal conduct
• Why is it important to consider the implications of computers in our lives?


  To address moral, ethical, environmental, social, and cultural issues
• What has been a growing speculation regarding computers in the workforce?


  How computers will impact the world economy and jobs
• What is one advantage of involving computers in the workforce?


  They improve efficiency in business operations
• How have companies like Amazon and Effidence used machines to improve their operations?


  By reducing delivery times and speeding up manufacturing processes
• What is a downside of increased computerization in the workforce?


  It has resulted in high levels of structural unemployment
• How might higher consumer demand due to cheaper services affect employment?


  It may create employment in other sections of the business
• What must governments do to mitigate the effects of computerization on jobs?


  Invest in providing retraining programs for workers
• Which jobs have been hit hardest by computerization?


  Middle-income manufacturing jobs
• What is a major risk of a significantly computerized workplace?


  High dependence on computers leading to loss of output if they fail
• What has increased the demand for computing-related occupations?


  Increased computerization in the workplace
• What are some examples of services offered exclusively online?


  Online shopping and online banking services