SKELETAL SYSTEM 3

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  2 MAJOR SKELETAL SYSTEM PARTS

  1. axial skeleton
  2. appendicular skeleton
• Includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.

  In the axis.


  axial skeleton
• includes appendages of the body which are the shoulders, arms and hips are attached.

  Attach to the axial skeleton.

  appendicular skeleton
• 4 basic skeletal bone shape

  1. long bones
  2. short Bones
  3. flat bones
  4. irregular
• also called as cranium

  skull
• protects the brain and houses the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth.

  skull
• The top of the skull is called calvaria or skullcap. it is the top most part of the neurocranium. it protects the renal cavity that houses the
• When the skull is disassembled the mandible is easily separated from the rest of the skull which remains intact.
• the calvaria compromises of

  1. frontal bone
  2. perietal bone
  3. temporal bone
  4. occipitall bone
  5. sphenoid bone
• Joined at the sagittal suture, connected to the frontal bone through the coronal suture.

  parietal bone
• paired bones, left and right

  parietal bone
• Connected to the parietal bones through the lambdoid suture.

  occipital bone
• The parietal and occipital bones are the major structures visible structures in the posterior view
• Parietal connects to occipital by lambdoid suture.
• 4 bones found in superior view of skull

  1. frontal
  2. parietal (left and right)
  3. occipital
• External occipital protuberance are present on the posterior surface of the occipital bone
• These are small set of ridges that extend laterally from the external occipital protuberance, are the points of attachment for the several neck muscles.


  inferior nuchal line
• 2 types of nuchal line

  1. superior nuchal line
  2. inferior nuchal line
• The parietal bone and the squamous part of the temporal one form a major portion of the side of the head.
• • A prominent feature of the temporal bone that has a. large hole.

  squamous suture
• Transmits soundwaves towards your eardrum or the tympanic membrane

  external auditory canal
• Attachment points of the temporalis muscle.

  superior and inferior temporal lines
• is immediately anterior to the temporal bone

  lateral surface of the greater wing of sphenoid
• Forms bridges across the side.

  temporal and zygomatic
• Anterior and inferior to the zygomatic bone to which it is joined.

  maxilla
• Also called the lower jaw

  Is inferior to the maxilla and attaches posteriorly to the temporal bone.

  mandible
• major structures of the skull in anterior view

  1. frontal bone
  2. zygomatic bones
  3. maxilla
  4. mandible
• lock jaw at the mandibular head
• 5 functions of vertebral column

  1. supports the weight of the head and trunk
  2. protects the spinal cord
  3. allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord
  4. provides site for muscle attachment
  5. permist movement of the head and trunk
• vertebral column is composed of 26 bones when adult
• vertebral column have 5 regions

  1. cervical - 7 bones
  2. thoracic - 12 bones
  3. lumbar - 5 bones
  4. sacrum - 1
  5. coccyx - 1
• sacrum: s1-s5 during the embryo stage
• The five vertebrae are fused into a single bone called the sacrum.
• Sacral promontory can be felt during vaginal examination. Is also used as a reference for measuring the pelvic inlet.
• The most inferior part of the vertebral column usually consists of 3-5 semi fused vertebrae that form a triangle.

  coccyx
• Also called the thoracic cage

  protects the heart and lungs within the thoracic and forms a semi rigid chamber.

  rib cage
• rib cage consist of:

  1. thoracic vertebrae
  2. the ribs with associated costal cartilage
  3. sternum
• Also known as the breastbone

  Described as sword shaped

  strenum
• 3 parts of sternum

  1. manubrium
  2. the body (gladiolus)
  3. xiphoid process
• Manubrium; is known as the sword handle; Its superior margin is called the jugular notch/suprasternal notch in the midline.