Animal Biology Glossary

• Accessory organs

  • pancreas - produces and secretes pancreatic juice and secretes into the small intestine
  • liver - produces bile to emulsify fat to aid digestion
  • gall bladder - stores bile and introduces it to small intestine
• coprophagia - re-ingesting caecotrophs (eg rabbit droppings) to absorb all the nutrients
• aves

  • beak - tearing meat in birds of prey and cracking seeds in finches
  • crop - expandable pouch in the oesophagus to store and soften foods
  • gizzard - grinds up food with the help or ingested stones
  • proventriculus - glandular part of the stomach which secretes enzymes and acids to breakdown food
  • ceca - ferments plant material , absorbs water
  • cloaca - expels feaces, urine and reproductive material
• lysosome - the digestive system of the cell
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum - synthesises lipids, phospholipids (e.g. plasma membranes and steroids
• rough endoplasmic reticulum - protein synthesis which also includes post-transitional modifications, folding and sorting
• chromatin - packages DNA into a unit capable of fitting within the tight space of the nucleus
• centrioles - organise microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal system
• gogli apparatus - transports, sorting and modification of both proteins and lipids
• nucleolus - produces and assembles the cells ribosomes~
• • homeostasis - the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems