Paper 1

• What topics are covered in AQA GCSE Physics Paper 1?


  Energy, electricity, particles, and atomic structure
• What does the term "energy" refer to in physics?


  Energy is an idea that quantifies what will happen when objects interact in a system
• What is the principle of conservation of energy?


  Total energy in any interaction is always conserved
• What is a caveat regarding energy conservation mentioned in the material?


  Energy can be converted into matter, but it is still conserved
• What are the different stores of energy mentioned?

  Kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, thermal energy, and chemical potential energy
• How is kinetic energy calculated?

  Kinetic energy is calculated using the formula $E_k =$$\frac{1}{2} mv^2$
• What does gravitational potential energy depend on?


  Gravitational potential energy depends on mass, gravitational field strength, and height
• What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?


  Gravitational potential energy is calculated using $E_{gp} =$$mgh$
• What does the specific heat capacity (shc) tell us?


  Specific heat capacity tells us how much energy is needed to raise 1 kilogram of a substance by 1°C
• How is thermal energy calculated?


  Thermal energy is calculated using the formula $E =$$mc\Delta T$
• What is chemical potential energy?


  Chemical potential energy is the energy stored in food or fuels
• What must happen for energy to be transferred in a system?


  Energy must be transferred from one object or store to another
• What is a closed system?


  A closed system is one where no energy is lost or gained from the surroundings
• How can we equate gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy in a roller coaster scenario?


  We can say that gravitational potential energy lost equals kinetic energy gained
• How do you rearrange the kinetic energy equation to find speed?


  Speed is given by $v =$$\sqrt{\frac{2E_k}{m}}$
• What happens to energy in a non-closed system?


  Energy may be lost to the surroundings, such as through air resistance or friction
• What is the equation for power?


  Power is calculated using $P =$$\frac{E}{t}$
• What is efficiency in terms of energy?


  Efficiency is the ratio of useful energy output to total energy input
• How do you calculate efficiency as a percentage?


  Efficiency percentage is calculated by multiplying the efficiency ratio by 100
• What happens to energy in poorly insulated buildings?


  Energy can be lost through walls, windows, doors, and roofs
• What are finite energy sources?


  Finite energy sources include fossil fuels and nuclear fuel
• What are renewable energy sources?


  Renewable energy sources include wind power, hydroelectric power, solar panels, geothermal power, and biofuels
• What is electricity?


  Electricity is the flow of charge, typically electrons, carrying energy from a source to a component
• What is the role of a battery in a circuit?


  A battery stores chemical potential energy that is converted to electrical energy in a circuit
• What is potential difference (PD)?


  Potential difference is the energy transferred per coulomb of charge
• How is potential difference measured?


  Potential difference is measured with a voltmeter connected in parallel to the component
• What does a voltmeter measure across a battery?


  A voltmeter measures the potential difference supplied to the electrons in the circuit
• What is the equation for potential difference?


  Potential difference is calculated using $V =$$\frac{E}{Q}$
• What does current measure in a circuit?


  Current measures the rate of flow of charge through a circuit
• What is the equation for current?


  Current is calculated using $I =$$\frac{Q}{t}$
• How is current measured?


  Current is measured with an ammeter connected in series with the component
• What is resistance in a circuit?


  Resistance is the opposition to the flow of charge in a circuit
• What does Ohm's law state about voltage and current?


  Ohm's law states that voltage and current are directly proportional
• What is the equation for resistance according to Ohm's law?


  Resistance is calculated using $R =$$\frac{V}{I}$
• What does an IV graph for a resistor look like?


  An IV graph for a resistor is a straight line through the origin
• What does an IV graph for a bulb look like?


  An IV graph for a bulb is curved, indicating changing resistance
• How does the resistance of a bulb change with increasing voltage?


  The resistance of a bulb increases with increasing voltage
• What does a straight line on an IV graph indicate about a component's resistance?


  A straight line indicates that the component has constant resistance
• What happens to the current when the potential difference across a resistor is doubled?

  The current also doubles when the potential difference is doubled
• What is the unit for resistance?


  The unit for resistance is ohms