Endocrine System: Hormones

• Oxytocin - stimulates powerful uterine contractions and causes milk ejection
• Antidiuretic Hormone - causes kidney tubule cells to reabsorb and conserve body water and increases blood pressure
• Tropic Hormone - stimulates other glands to secrete hormones
• Growth hormone - promotes total body growth; major effects are directed at skeletal muscles and bones
• Pituitary Dwarfism - untreated hyposecretion of GH during childhood
• Gigantism - hypersecretion of GH in childhood
• Acromegaly - hypersecretion of GH in adulthood
• Prolactin - stimulates production of breast milk
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone - Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones, mainly glucocorticoids
• Thyroid-stimulating Hormone - stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone
• Follicle-stimulating Hormone - stimulates follicle development and estrogen production by the female ovaries; promotes sperm production in the testes
• Luteinizing Hormone - stimulates ovulation, causes the ruptured ovarian follicle to produce progesterone; stimulates testes to produce testosterone
• Gonadotropic Hormone - includes FSH and LH
• Melatonin - affects sleep-wake cycles; produced by pineal gland
• Thyroxine - the body’s major metabolic hormone, and increases the rate at which cells oxidize glucose
• Calcitonin - a response to a high blood calcium ion level
• Parathyroid Hormone - response to low blood calcium levels
• Thymosin - promotes maturation of T lymphocytes for body defense
• Aldosterone - regulates sodium ion (Na+) reabsorption and potassium ion (K+) secretion by the kidneys
• Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - the system of hormones, proteins, enzymes and reactions that regulate your blood pressure and blood volume on a long-term basis
• Atrial natriuretic peptide - reduces blood volume and blood pressure
• Renin-angiotensin II system - increases blood volume and pressure