Neuroanatomy

• What is A & B on this diagram?

  A - frontal eye field

  B - Broca's area

  
• What is frontal eye field responsible for?


  Directing eye movement
• Fill in the blanks

  A) Frontal lobe

  B) Parietal lobe

  C) Occipital lobe

  D) Temporal lobe

  E) Insula

  
• What are the main components of the cortical lobes and Brodmann areas?

  • Brodmann areas defined by layer thickness
  • 52 Brodmann areas identified
  • Functional correlates hypothesized by Brodmann
• What does the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) receive from the outside world?

  General sensation: touch, pain, temperature
• What is the role of the primary motor cortex (M1)?

  Originates motor commands for body movement
• What is the function of the supplementary motor cortex?

  Controls intention of motor activity
• Which area is associated with language production?

  Broca's area (BA44 and BA45)
• What does the primary auditory cortex (A1) process?

  Sound frequency in a topographic map
• How is the visual world represented in the primary visual cortex (V1)?

  Projected in a topographic map
• What are the two cortical visual pathways?

  • Dorsal pathway: related to location in space
  • Ventral pathway: related to identity
• What comprises the limbic system?

  • Cingulate gyrus
  • Hippocampus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Thalamus
• What is the hippocampus associated with?

  Declarative memory formation
• What happens to the last memories in dementia?

  Oldest, consolidated memories are preserved
• What regions are associated with executive function?

  Prefrontal cortex and cingulate cortex
• What is the significance of the human prefrontal cortex?

  It has evolved to be enormous
• What defines the human brain's unique condition?

  Massive amount of association cortex
• What is the impact of a massive stroke on perception?

  Can lead to neglect of one side of space
• What is the default mode network's function?

  Active when attention is directed internally
• What can bilateral damage to the posterior parietal cortex cause?

  Balint's syndrome, affecting object perception
• What is unilateral neglect syndrome?

  Neglect of one side of a scene/image
• What areas are involved in language processing?

  Wernicke's and Broca's areas
• What is the significance of the human cerebral cortex development?

  Begins at the end of the embryonic period
• What does 'siring' refer to in brain development?

  Production of neurons
• What happens to synapses during early brain development?

  More synapses are made and then pruned
• How does the development of different cortical areas vary?

  They develop at different rates
• What peaks in pre-teen childhood in S1 and M1?

  Myelination of axons
• What genes are associated with idiopathic autism?

  Genes affecting synaptic development and regulation
• What is the distinction between Autism Spectrum Condition and Autism Spectrum Disorder?

  • Autism Spectrum Condition: broader term
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder: specific diagnosis
• What is Balint's syndrome? How does it arise?

  Ability to perceive multiple objects is diminished or lost

  Due to bilateral damage to posterior parietal & lateral occipiral cortex