The Indian mutiny

• Overview

  Indian Mutiny was a challenge to British rule, they did not regain control of India until 1858.

  The British burned down Indian villages

  In 1858, Parliament took control of the East India Company and the British Raj (period of British government control of India) began.
• Effects:

  Indian Mutiny was a challenge to British rule, they did not regain control of India until 1858.

  The British burned down Indian villages

  In 1858, Parliament took control of the East India Company and the British Raj (period of British government control of India) began.
• Causes:

  Many land was snatched from noble families

  The use of the Enfield rifle's cartridges, which were greased in animal fat (pork and beef fat). This countered both Hindu & Muslim religious beliefs. The sepoys were mainly Hindu or Muslim, despite Christian missionaries' attempts to convert the Indian population to Christianity.

  Grievances about pay and changes to the condition of service
• How did the Indians suffer?

  By exporting raw materials and importing manufactured goods.

  The cycle of deprivation began.
• What did the Cawnpore massacre of British officers, wives, and children fuel?


  This massacre fuelled Social-Darwinist and racist theories that stated Indians were inferior to white British people.
• What caused the Indian Mutiny?


  Political and Economic Grievances: Indian soldiers (sepoys) were aggrieved by various British policies, including the introduction of new cartridges for the Enfield rifles rumoured to be greased with animal fat, which was offensive to both Hindus and Muslims.
• When did the Indian Mutiny take place?


  1857
• What was the relationship between the British Empire and the Bantu peoples in southern Africa before 1867?


  It was one of relative peace and stability.
• What event in 1867 began to destabilize the relationship between the British Empire and the Bantu peoples?


  The discovery of diamonds.
• What significant event is considered one of the most important in British imperial history?

  The Indian Mutiny.
• How did the Indian Mutiny impact British administration in India?


  It led to a major change in how the British Empire administered India.
• When did the Indian Mutiny begin?

  February 1857.
• What was one of the main causes of the Indian Mutiny according to historians?

  The issuance of new Enfield rifles greased with animal fat.
• What was the traditional reason for the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny?


  Landlords and nobles being deprived of their lands.
• What was the role of the SE soldiers in the Indian Mutiny?


  They were Indian soldiers serving in the Bengal Army who attempted to mutiny.
• In which cities was the Indian Mutiny particularly successful?

  Agra and other northern cities.
• Why was the Indian Mutiny considered impactful despite not spreading across the entire subcontinent?


  It was costly for the British and led to significant changes in administration.
• When did the British fully reassert control after the Indian Mutiny?


  June 1858.
• What significant change occurred in India as a result of the Indian Mutiny in 1858?


  India passed into the direct rule of the British crown.
• How did the British view India after the Mutiny?

  As the jewel in the crown of the British Empire.
• What was one of the outcomes of the British crown taking direct control of India?


  India would have a single centralized government.
• How were the Indian mutineers portrayed in Great Britain during the Mutiny?


  They were represented as savages, while British atrocities were downplayed.
• What bias existed under British rule in India?


  A bias favoring the white man, which did not help the poor in India.
• What educational opportunities arose in India after the Mutiny?


  Further educational opportunities favored higher classes and created a new professional class.
• What was one minor positive outcome of the Indian Mutiny?

  The tour of India by Viceroy Canning.
• What significant developments in education occurred after the Indian Mutiny?


  Universities were established in Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta.
• How many Indians were educated as a result of new educational institutions after the Mutiny?

  60,000 Indians were educated.
• What subjects did the new professional class in India study?

  Law, finance, administration, and government.