Psychodynamic Approach

• What are the three parts of the tripartite personality according to Freud?


  ID, Superego, and Ego
• What principle does the ID operate on?


  The pleasure principle
• What is the role of the ID in personality?


  It is the primitive part of personality that demands instant gratification
• What drives the ID according to Freud?


  The "Irido" or sex drive
• What is the function of the Ego?


  It balances the demands of the ID and the control of the Superego
• At what stage do children realize they are individuals according to Freud?


  During toddlerhood
• What does the Superego represent?


  The ideal force guided by socially acceptable figures
• How does the Superego operate?


  It operates on the morality principle, understanding right and wrong
• From whom do morals come according to Freud?


  Same-sex parent
• What happens if the Superego is too strong?


  The person may be seen as rigid, self-righteous, and pompous
• What is the consequence of a strong ID?


  The person may be seen as delinquent, antisocial, and self-centered
• At what age does the Ego develop?


  Around 2 years old
• What is the role of defence mechanisms?


  They are methods used unconsciously to reduce anxiety
• What happens when anxiety weakens the influence of the Ego?


  The Ego struggles to mediate between the ID and the Superego
• Who described ten defence mechanisms?


  Anna Freud
• What are the key defence mechanisms identified by Freud?


  Repression, denial, and displacement
• What is denial as a defence mechanism?


  Refusal to accept the reality of an unpleasant situation
• What does regression involve as a defence mechanism?


  Burying the problem into the unconscious, leading to no recall
• What is projection in the context of defence mechanisms?


  Projecting one's own problematic behavior onto someone else
• What is displacement as a defence mechanism?


  Channeling problems into something else, like eating
• What is the Oedipus complex?


  Boys are attracted to their mother and fear their father due to castration anxiety
• What happens if a boy does not form a relationship with his father?

  Significant psychosocial arrest will occur
• What are the psychosexual stages of development according to Freud?


  1. Oral (0-18 months)

  • Erogenous zone: Mouth
  • Consequences of fixation: Passivity, gullibility, manipulative personality

  1. Anal (18 months-3 years)

  • Erogenous zone: Bowel and bladder
  • Consequences of fixation: Recklessness or obsession with organization

  1. Phallic (3-6 years)

  • Erogenous zone: Genitals
  • Consequences of fixation: Sexual unfulfillment

  1. Latency (puberty)

  • Dormant sexual feelings

  1. Genital (12 years and older)

  • Mature sexual interests
• What is the significance of the case study of Little Hans?


  It provided Freud with insights into the psychosexual stages of development
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the psychodynamic approach?


  Strengths:

  • Explanatory power for a wide range of phenomena
  • Influential in psychology for the first half of the 20th century

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Controversial and often criticized
  • Lacks empirical support for some claims
• What is the interactionist position in psychology?


  It combines nature and nurture arguments, suggesting innate drives are modified by upbringing
• What is the Iceberg Model in Freud's theory?


  It illustrates the levels of consciousness: conscious, preconscious, and unconscious
• What does Freud argue about the unconscious mind?


  It contains repressed desires and unresolved conflicts
• How does Freud's theory explain human abnormality?


  It can be explained by early experiences and unresolved conflicts
• What is the role of childhood experiences in Freud's theory?


  They shape personality and influence future behavior
• What is the significance of the psychosexual stages in personality development?


  Fixation at any stage can lead to personality issues later in life