proteins

• Condensation polymerisation

  Monomer + monomer covalently bonded produces water
• Using water to split a polymer

  Hydrolysis (hydrolysing the bond)
• What groups are proteins made of

  Amine group

  Carboxyll group

  Variable group
• How many amino acids are there

  20

  5 can be made

  9 essential (cant be made)

  6 conditional
• What bond is formed in condensation polymerisation

  Covalent/peptide
• What is an R group

  A variable group
• What is a dipeptide

  Two proteins joined together
• What is a polypeptide

  Primary structure

  Multiple proteins
• How do proteins vary

  Sequence of amino acids will vary from polypeptide to polypeptide
• What happens in the secondary stage

  Hydrogen bonds are formed
• What are the two structures that cane be formed in the secondary stage

  Alpha helix

  Beta pleated sheet
• What is cysteine

  Contains sulfur in the R group

  When two come together a covalent bond is formed called a disulfide bridge
• What bonding can occur in relation to R group

  Ionic if theres a difference between charge

  Hydrophobic interactions

  Hydrogen bonds

  Covalent bonds
• What happens in stage 4

  Multiple polypeptide chains are joined together creating a quaternary structure
• What happens if you add an inorganic group to a quaternary structure

  Prosthetic group is formed
• what are the 4 steps in forming a fibrous structure

  primary - unbranched polypetide chain

  secondary - polypetide chains tightly wound

  tertiary - twisted into a helix

  quaternary - 3 polypeptide chains wound together
• general properties of a globular protein

  soluble in water

  more sensitive to changes in stimuli

  made up on an irregular amino acid sequence
• what are the general properties of fibrous proteins

  less sensitive to changes in stimuli

  insoluble in water

  made up of a repetitive amino acid sequence
• how are proteins classified

  either simple or conjugated
• why are fibrous proteins generally insoluble in water

  cant form enough hydrogen bonds with the water as the hydrophyllic parts are not always folding facing the H2O
• what are the two types of proteins

  globular

  fibrous
• describe the structure of a globular protein

  spherical

  hydrophyllic amino acids on the outside

  hydrophobic on the inside
• what is the purpose of a fibrous protein

  structural
• what is the purpose of a globular protein

  functional
• peptide bond

  covalent bond formed between two amino acids
• di-peptide

  two amino acids joined together
• polypeptide

  multiple amino acids joined together
• polypeptide chain

  multiple amino acids joined together in a long chain
• cysteine

  amino acid that contains sulfur in the r group
• prosthetc group

  when something inorganic is bonded to a polypeptide chain