T03- Peopling of the ph

• What does the Creation Story in the Bible say about human beings?

  • Created in God's likeness
  • Male and female
  • Blessed to have many descendants
  • Given control over animals and nature
  • Gen 1: 27-29
• What event leads to the creation of Malakas and Maganda in the story?


  The bamboo was split by a bird, leading to their emergence.
• What does Bathala do in the creation myth?

  He molds clay in His likeness and bakes it.

  
  

  ... too early (pale), too late (dark), just right (golden brown)
• What does Ukunirot do in his story?


  He goes hunting and creates a hole in heaven.
• What do the people do after Ukunirot shows them the earth?


  They gather bird feathers to make a rope and descend to earth.
• Who is Melu in the B'laan creation story?

  Melu is the creator who shapes the earth and beings from dead skin.
• What did Melu use to create the two beings?


  Remnants of material left after making the earth.
• What does Tau Tana do in the B'laan creation story?


  Tau Tana offers to help Melu create companions for the beings.
• What is archaeology?


  • Study of ancient and recent human past
  • Focuses on material remains
  • Related to humans and their genetic cousins
• What significant discovery was made about Homo erectus in Southeast Asia?


  They crossed from Bali to Flores Islands 800,000 years ago.
• Where was Java Man discovered?

  In Java, Indonesia. They found a tooth, a skullcap, and a thighbone. (Height: 5'8")
• What is the estimated age of Java Man?


  500,000-700,000 years.
• What is the age range of Solo Man?


  108,000-117,000 years ago.
• What is Callao Man also known as?


  Homo luzonensis.
• When and where were the remains of Callao Man excavated?

  In 2007 in Callao Cave, Cagayan
• What is significant about Tabon Man?


  Remains were unearthed in 1962, dating back 47,000 years by Robert Fox Tabon Cave, Lipuun Point, Quezon, Palawan
• What was discovered in Rizal, Kalinga in 2018?


  Rhinoceros philippinensis.
• What do the cut marks and stone tools imply about early human activity in the Philippines?(Rhinoceros Philippinensis)

  They imply the presence of early hominins.
• What is the Wave Migration Theory?


  • Conceptualized by Ferdinand Blumentritt
  • Popularized by Prof. H. Otley Beyer
  • Peopling occurs in various waves
• What is the Island Origin Hypothesis?


  • Proposed by Wilhelm Solheim II
  • Emphasizes maritime trading networks
  • Nusantao as maritime people from southern Mindanao and northern Indonesia
  • Maintained trade networks around Southeast Asia
• What is the Mainland Origin Hypothesis?


  • Out-of-Taiwan Theory by Peter Bellwood
  • Proto-Austronesians originated from South China and Taiwan
  • Spread southward and westward
  • Dispersal due to agricultural intensification during the Neolithic era
• What does the Austronesian Expansion theory entail?


  • Speakers of Proto-Austronesian moved from Taiwan to the archipelago
  • Spread across the Indian and Pacific oceans
  • Shared maritime traditions and technologies
  • Linguistic reconstruction reveals cultural history
• What are the phonological changes from Proto-Austronesian to daughter protolanguages?


  • Changes in words like 'eye', 'stone', 'rain', and 'breast'
  • Example: 'eye' changes from *maCa to *mata
  • Indicates linguistic evolution over time
• Why is Philippine prehistory considered full of questions and uncertainties?


  Because past events are hard to verify without written narratives.
• 2 examples of Homo Erectus

  Java Man and Solo Man
• Where did the Solo Man live


  Solo River in Java
• 2 examples of Homo Sapiens


  Callao Man (Homo Luzonensis) and Tabon Man
• What is Paleontology


  Study of animals and plants, w/o humans
• Wave Migration Theory

  Includes:

  Homo erectus

  Aeta - used land bridges

  Proto-Indonesians or Indonesians A - maritime people

  Indonesians or Indonesians B - weaving skills

  Malays - Maragtas - 10 Bornean Datus -> used Balangay to flee from bad government -> met Marikudo -> "Barter of Panay" -> Land in exchange for palakot and necklace
• 10 Bornean Datus

  • Puti
  • Lubay
  • Paiburong
  • Padihinog
  • Bangkaya
  • Dumagsol
  • Bumalugdog
  • Dumagsil
  • Balensusa
  • Sumak-ud