T05- Early Spanish Period

• What were the Reconquista Wars?


  Wars to reclaim territory from Muslim rule in Spain
• What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas?


  To divide newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal
• What were the two objectives of the Reduccion System?


  • To facilitate conversion of Filipinos to Christianity
  • To accurately count the population for tribute collection
• Reduccion System

  • spanish resettlement policy in which filipinos in scattered barangays were made to relocate into organized towns
  • entices filipinos by organizing processions, giving gifts, and promising free housing
  • carried out by the friars
• Name one of the Spanish expeditions in the Philippines and its year.

  • Ferdinand Magellan (1521)
  • Garcia Jofre de Loaisa (1526)
  • Alvardo de Saavedra Ceron (1527)
  • Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1565)
  • Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1542-46)
• What was the Encomienda System?


  Land grant to spanish officials for their service. n administrative right to collect tribute and draft labor from natives
• What was a major issue with the Encomienda System?


  It was prone to the abuse of the natives
• Who was the direct representative of the Spanish King in the Philippines?


  • Governor General
• What are the roles of Alcalde mayor and Corregidor in the political system?


  • Alcalde mayor: Head of an alcaldia
  • Corregidor: Head of a corregimiento
• What were the names of the six cities or villas established in the Philippines?

  • Manila (1571)
  • Villa Fernandina (Vigan) (1574)
  • Nueva Caceres (Naga) (1579)
  • Santissimo Nombre de Jesus (Cebu) (1571)
  • Nueva Segovia (Lallo) (1582)
  • Arevalo (Iloilo) (1581)
• What was the Patronato Real?


  • The royal authority over the Spanish Church
  • no separation of church and state
  • encourages friars to go to ph
  • Administrative > Religious
• How did the royal authority affect the clergy in the Spanish Church?


  It granted lands and privileges, leading to moral decline
• Other political institutions

  • Real Audiencia: Highest court of the colony (oidor)
  • Consejo de Indias: Legislative body of the colony
  • Residencia: investigates the performance of the Governor-General
  • Visita: investigates the condition of the colony and the performance of an official or province
• List the religious orders that arrived in the Philippines and their respective years.

  • Augustinians (OSA) - 1565
  • Franciscans (OFM) - 1577
  • Jesuits (SJ) - 1583
  • Dominicans (OP) - 1587
  • Recollects (OAR) - 1606
• What was the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade?


  • A trade route connecting Manila and Acapulco
  • Los Naos de Manila
  • Transshipment point for trade of Chinese silk and other Asian products for Mexican silver
  • It became a means of communication and economic lifeline for the people
• What was the main focus of the Early Spanish Colonial Era in the Philippines?


  Spanish expeditions and colonization
• What significant event preceded the Spanish Colonial Era?

  The Reconquista Wars (1492), reclaiming christianity in spain
• What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas?


  To divide newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal
• Who was the first European to reach the Philippines?

  • Ferdinand Magellan (1521)
  • Garcia Jofre de Loaisa (1526)
  • Alvardo de Saavedra Ceron (1527)
  • Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1565)
  • Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1542-46)
• What was the Reduccion System in the Spanish colonial period?

  • A resettlement policy for Filipinos
  • Aimed to organize scattered barangays into towns
  • Facilitated conversion to Christianity
  • Allowed for accurate population counting for tribute collection
• What was the Encomienda System?


  • An administrative right to collect tribute and labor from natives
  • Land grant to spanish officials for his service
  • prone to abuses
• What was a major flaw of the Encomienda System?


  It was prone to the abuse of the natives
• Portugal 


  • has strong naval power
  • created compass, astrolabe
  • Prince Henry the Navigator (africa an india)
• Castille + Aragon


  Kingdom of Spain
• Significance of Spice Island


  • he who controls the island, controls the world
  • treaty, preservatives and flavor
  • spain & portugal compete for the fastest route
• Spice Island

  • is a tropical and includes Moluccas and other neighboring islands
  • (Pepper corns, cinnamon, cloves, mace, nutmeg)
• Pope Alexander II


  Spain and Portugal came to him to settle their dispute. He cut the world in half for they believe the world is flat.

  
  

  • Spain - left of demarcation line
  • Portugal - right of demarcation line
• Why was the dividing the world into two not followed?


  Because some territories of spain and portugal are within each other's territory. (Bc the world is round)
• When did portuguese explorer ferdinand magellan start his expedition?


  (1519), using armadia de molucca (maluku) in San Luccu de Berramiela
• March 31, 1521


  1st mass in ph with rajah colambu and rajah siani
• 2 datus of Maktan

  Zula - wants to give tribute to Rajah humabon

  - controls innerpart of maktan

  Cilapulapu - does not want to pay tribute

  - controls the port
• Ferdinand Magellan partnered with a chief of cebu


  Rajah Humabon and made him king of cebu because they cannot pay tribute/tax for trading. Magellan promised to protect him from his enemies
• Enrique de Malacca 


  interpreter of Magellan
• April 27, 1521


  Final call asking lapulapu to submit to rajah humabon. Later on, magellan and his 49 men went to maktan
• Who killed magellan

  Lapulapu's men, lapulapu is already old
• In 1522, Juan Sebastian del Cano led what


  He led the expedition back to spain.

  
  

  Out of 5 boats and 200 people, only 1 boat and 18 people returned
• Ruy Lopez de Villalobos


  In 1542-46, he named our islands as Las Islas FIlipinas in honor of King Philip of Castille
• Bernardo de la Torre aka


  Captain Calabaza named our islands, "Islas de Poniente" meaning islands of the west
• Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1565)


  • allied with rajah tupas
  • he saw the sto nino bought by magellan
• Who named samar as isla de san lazaro


  Magellan, bc it was san lazaro's feast day