inheritance

• variation


  difference between individuals of the same species
• inheritance 


  transmission of genetic information to generations
• gene


  sections of DNA that code for certain features
• chromosome


  long strands of genetic information in the nucleus
• DNA


  molecule that makes up the genetic material of humans
• characteristics/traits


  an inherited feature
• phenotype


  characteristic that is displayed and we see
• genotype


  genetic code for characteristic
• allele


  different versions of a gene, that code for different versions of a characteristic
• dominant


  allele that is always displayed when present
• heterozygous 


  different allele
• homozygous


  matching pair of alleles
• recessive


  characteristic displayed when no dominant allele
• genome


  entire genetic material of that organism
• DNA base pairing 


  bases on each strands pair up with each other
• RNA bases

  nitrogenous bases (example, adenine, guanine, thymine, uracil and cytocine)
• mutation: deletion


  a base is randomly deleted from the DNA sequence
• tRNA


  carries amino acids to the ribosomes to produce protein
• translation


  process in which the mRNA is 'read' and translated into a protein
• genome 


  the cell makes proteins using genetic information carried in the mRNA
• transcription


  a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA
• mRNA


  the substance that carries a complementary copy of a gene from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
• codon


  a sequence of 3 bases on the mRNA molecule
• anticodon


  triplet of unpaired bases at one end
• mutation: duplication


  one of more bases are duplicated in the DNA sequence
• mutation: substitution


  a base in the DNA sequence is randomly swapped for a different base
• mutation: inversion


  when a section of DNA breaks away and re-attaches to the chromosome in a reversed order
• mutation


  rare, random changes that occur in the sequence of DNA bases in a gene or a chromosome
• monohybrid cross


  breeding 2 organisms together and looking at one trait
• codominant allele


  combination of each allele in your phenotype - no dominant or recessive allele