Moles

• What is the SI unit of amount of substance?


  The mole
• What does one mole of a substance contain?


  The same number of stated particles, which can be atoms, molecules, or ions
• What is the value of the Avogadro Constant?


  1. 02 x 10²³ particles
• Mole Ratio


  a ratio of amounts of substances in a reaction, expressed in moles
• Calculating Mole Ratio


  divide the number of moles of one substance by the number of moles of another substance based on their chemical formulae
• Example: H2O and CaO


  2 moles of H2O require 1 mole of CaO (2:1 H2O:CaO)
• Mole Ratio in Reactions


  used to determine reaction stoichiometry, calculate amounts of substances, predict reactant consumption, and predict product formation
• Stoichiometry Prediction


  predicts the ratio of reactants and products in a chemical reaction based on the mole ratio
• Reactant Consumption Prediction


  predicts how much of each reactant will be consumed in a reaction based on the mole ratio
• Product Formation Prediction


  predicts how much of each product will be formed in a reaction based on the mole ratio
• Combustion Reaction Example


  1. 2 mole ratio of CH4:O2, meaning 2 moles of O2 are required for every 1 mole of CH4
• Calculating Mole Ratios


  a 4-step process: 1) write the balanced equation with mole numbers, 2) identify reactants and products, 3) count the moles of each substance, and 4) find the mole ratio
• Step 1: Balanced Equation


  write the balanced equation for the reaction with mole numbers included
• Step 2: Reactants and Products

  identify the reactants and products in the balanced equation
• Step 3: Counting Moles

  count the number of moles of each substance present in the balanced equation
• Step 4: Finding the Mole Ratio


  divide the number of moles of one substance by the number of moles of another substance to find the mole ratio
• Balancing Equations


  ensures chemical accuracy, represents the reaction correctly, uses mole ratios correctly, makes predictions, and checks the reaction's feasibility
• Chemical Accuracy


  ensured by balancing equations, guarantees the same number of atoms of each element on both reactant and product sides
• Reaction Representation


  represented correctly by balanced equations, allows prediction of reaction outcome
• Mole Ratio Accuracy


  made possible by balanced equations, essential for calculating amounts of substances and predicting reaction outcomes
• Prediction


  possible with balanced equations, allows prediction of reaction yield, reactant consumption, and more
• Reaction Feasibility


  can be checked with balanced equations, determines if reactants can convert to products
• Unbalanced Equations


  chemical equations with different numbers of atoms of each element on reactant and product sides; violate conservation of mass and lead to errors
• Error in Unbalanced Equations


  contains errors that can lead to incorrect conclusions and predictions
• Mole Ratio Inaccuracy


  does not provide accurate mole ratios, making it difficult to calculate amounts and predict reaction outcomes
• Reaction Outcome Uncertainty


  does not provide a clear prediction of the reaction outcome, making it difficult to understand reaction feasibility
• Consequences of Unbalanced Equations


  include wrong conclusions, incorrect predictions, and misinterpretation of results
• What is molar mass?


  Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance.
• What are mole-to-mole conversions used for?


  Mole-to-mole conversions are used to convert the number of moles of one substance to the number of moles of another substance in a chemical reaction.