Miller (1962)

• Who did they suggest were more likely to engage in criminal behaviour?

  Young, working class males
• What characteristics did they identify within young working-class male subculture that are associated with crime?

  • Toughness
  • Masculinity
  • Smartness
  • street cred
  • Excitement and thrill-seeking
  • Acceptance of trouble
  • Fatalism
• What is fatalism?

  A sense that an individual can do little with their lives so they decide to 'live in the moment'.