Cellular respiration

• What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

  To break down glucose molecules to release energy (ATP) for cellular functions
• How does cellular respiration compare to photosynthesis?

  Cellular respiration releases energy, while photosynthesis stores energy
• In which types of cells does cellular respiration occur?

  In all living cells, including both plants and animal cells
• What are the two types of cellular respiration?

  • Aerobic respiration (requires oxygen)
  • Anaerobic respiration (does not require oxygen)
• How many ATP are produced in aerobic respiration?

  36 ATP
• How many ATP are produced in anaerobic respiration?

  2 ATP
• Where does aerobic respiration occur in the cell?

  In the mitochondria
• Where does anaerobic respiration occur in the cell?

  In the cytoplasm
• What is the first step of cellular respiration?

  Glycolysis
• What type of process is glycolysis?

  Glycolysis is an anaerobic process
• Where does glycolysis occur?

  In the cytoplasm
• How many ATP are used during glycolysis?

  2 ATP are used
• What happens to glucose during glycolysis?

  Enzymes break glucose into 2 molecules
• What is produced when the bonds in glucose break during glycolysis?

  Energy is released and stored in the form of 4 ATP
• What percentage of glucose's energy is available for release after glycolysis?

  90% of the glucose molecule's energy is available for release
• What determines the next step after glycolysis?

  The availability of oxygen
• What are the two types of respiration based on oxygen availability?

  • Aerobic Respiration
  • Anaerobic Respiration
• What are the three main steps of aerobic respiration?

  Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain
• How many ATP are produced in the Electron Transport Chain?

  32 ATP are produced
• What is produced alongside ATP in the Electron Transport Chain?

  Water is also produced
• How many ATP are produced together by the Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain?

  34 ATP are produced
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Releasing energy from food molecules by producing ATP without oxygen
• Where does anaerobic respiration occur?

  In the cytoplasm
• What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?

  • Lactic acid fermentation
  • Alcoholic/Ethanol fermentation
• How much ATP is produced by fermentation?

  About 2 ATP are produced
• What are the reactants and products of lactic acid fermentation?


  Reactants:

  • Pyruvate
  • NADH

  
  

  Products:

  • NAD
  • Lactic Acid
  • 2 ATP
• What are the reactants and products of alcoholic fermentation?


  Reactants:

  • Pyruvate
  • NADH

  
  

  Products:

  • NAD
  • Alcohol
  • Carbon dioxide
  • 2 ATP
• Which organisms typically undergo lactic acid fermentation?

  Most animals
• Which organisms typically undergo alcoholic fermentation?

  Most plants and bacteria
• What is the commercial use of alcoholic fermentation?

  Used in producing alcoholic beverages
• Glycolysis is an anaerobic process
• Glycolysis is the first step and always happens
• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm
• Glycolysis does not require/use oxygen