memory

• definition of memory


  the systematized storage of information based on experience
• what is memory?


  the ability to retain knowledge
• How do we process information to form memories?


  via sound and light waves
• list different types of memory and their responsibilities

  sensory memory - via senses, less than a second

  Short-term memory/ STM - to make sense of incoming information via sensory memory

  long-term memory/ LTM - to make sense of incoming information via sensory memory
• what are the 3 stages of processing memory

  1. encoding
  2. storage
  3. retrieval
• what is encoding?


  the act of getting information into memory systems through automatic or effortful processing
• What is storage?


  the process of placing newly acquired information into storage, which is modified in the brain for easier storage
• what is retrieval?


  the act of getting information out of storage back into conscious awareness
• what are 3 different types of encoding?


  visual

  acoustic

  semantic
• what is visual encoding


  encoding what we see
• what is acoustic encoding


  encoding what we hear
• what is semantic meaning


  encoding information
• what is STM duration and capacity


  limited capacity and duration
• what is LTM capacity and duration


  limitless capacity and duration
• what are 3 types of retrieval systems in memory?


  recall, recognition, re-learning
• what is re-learning?


  the process of re-learning information
• list 7 different types of memory

  sensory memory

  STM

  LTM

  explicit/conscious memory

  semantic memory

  episodic memory

  implicit/ unconscious memory

  procedural
• what memory are unconscious


  procedural
• what memories are conscious


  episodic and semantic
• what is semantic memory


  memory of relationships of how things fit together/ general world knowledge
• what is declarative memory


  the memory of meaningful events
• what is procedural memory


  the memory of how to do things
• what memory is split into sub-types

  declarative memory
• what are declarative memory sub-types


  episodic and semantic memory
• who made the distinction between procedural and declarative memory?


  endel tulving
• how did endel tulving make the distinction between procedural and declarative memory


  using a positron emission tomography (PET)
• What happened in endel tulvings memory study?


  1. the PET scan showed memory is a two stage process
  2. this was found by active areas of the brain lighting up when memories are laid down
  3. the front left region of the brain is active when laying down episodic memories
  4. memories are retrieved in the second stage, the front and rear of the brain are active during episodic retrieval