The Revolution from October 1789 to the Directory, 1795

• Between what dates was the Estates General in control of France?

  May 1789-17th June 1789
• Between what dates was the National Assembly in control of France?

  17th June 1789-9th July 1789
• Between what dates was the National Constituent Assembly in control of France?

  9th July 1789-September 1791
• Between what dates was the Legislative Assembly in control of France?

  30th September 1791-September 1792
• Between what dates was the National Convention in control of France?

  September 1792-1795
• Between what dates was the 2-tier Parliament (the Council of the 500 and the Council of Elders) in control of France?

  1795-1799
• When was the monastic decree issued?

  13th February 1790
• What did the monastic decree state?

  The decree distinguished between monastic orders which didn't work in the community and those which provided education and charity. The taking of religious vows was forbidden
• When religious reform did the National Assembly make in August 1789?

  It abolished the annates, pluralism, and the tithe
• When was the remaining church property transferred to the state?

  19th April 1790
• When was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy formed?

  12th July 1790
• What did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy state?

  • The French Church was subordinate to the state.;
  • Clergy could not provide commitment to anything outside France, specifically the papacy;
  • Bishops and priests had to be elected by their congregation
• What were the impacts of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?

  • By having members of the Clergy elected, the church lost much of the authority it had to govern itself and was now subject to the people, since they would vote on the priests and bishops- as opposed to these individuals being appointed by the church and the hierarchy within;
  • It limited the Pope’s jurisdiction in spiritual affairs; ​
  • It caused a schism within the French Church and made many devout Catholics turn against the Revolution
• When was it ruled that the clergy must take an oath to the constitution?

  27th November 1790
• How many bishops in the National Assembly took the oath to the constitution?

  2 out of 44
• What percentage of the clergy in the National Assembly took the oath to the constitution?

  A third
• How many bishops in the whole of France took the oath to the constitution?

  7
• What percentage of the clergy in the whole of France took the oath to the constitution?

  55%
• When were the Jacobins founded?

  1789
• What was the Jacobins' motto?

  • Long version: 'liberty, equality, fraternity, or death'
  • Short version: 'live free or die'
• What did the Jacobins believe?

  They rejected the notion of monarchy and wanted increased centralisation of government. They were synonymous with radical, left-wing policies
• How many clubs were affiliated to the Jacobins?

  152 by the 10th August 1790
• At its peak, how many chapters did the Jacobins have?

  7000
• At its peak, how many members did the Jacobins have?

  500,000 (2% of the population)
• Who were the sans-culottes?

  Lower-class Parisian republicans who advocated for a direct democracy without intermediaries such as members of Parliament
• When was 'La Marseillaise' written?

  1792
• What quote from 'La Marseillaise' did the sans-culottes often sing?

  'The day of glory has arrived against us tyrannies bloody standard is raised'
• When was the Flight to Varennes?

  20th June 1791-21st June 1791
• What took place in the Flight to Varennes?

  • Louis' aim was to escape with his close family to Montmedy, in Lorraine (near the border of Luxembourg in the Austrian Netherlands). From there, he wanted to negotiate with the Constituent Assembly regarding the Constitution;
  • General Francois Bouille had 10,000 soldiers of the old royal guard at Montmedy;
  • They attempted to escape in the night of the 20th-21st June;
  • They were discovered in Varennes by Jean-Baptiste Drouet, a postmaster, who recognised Louis from an assignat;
  • Louis and his family were returned to the Tulieries Palace on house arrest
• What were the impacts of the Flight to Varennes?

  • On the 16th July 1793, the Assembly voted to suspend the King until the Constitution was completed, only to be restored after he had sworn to observe it;
  • His attempted flight provoked charges of treason
• When was the Champs de Mars Massacre?

  17th July 1791
• What took place in the Champs de Mars massacre?

  • Beforehand, the National Constituent Assembly had issued a decree that Louis XVI would retain his throne under a constitutional monarchy;
  • A crowd of 50,000 people gathered to sign the petition calling for his powers to be removed and to celebrate the storming of the Bastille;
  • The Paris Commune declared martial law and sent Lafayette with the National Guard, where they fired on an unarmed and peaceful crowd, with 50 people killed
• When was the storming of the Tuileries Palace?

  10th August 1792
• What took place in the storming of the Tuileries Palace?

  • On the 9th August 1792, sans-culottes took over the Hotel de Ville, expelled the city council, and set up a revolutionary commune;
  • On the 10th August 1792, thousands of National Guards and 2000 federes marched on the Tuileries, which was defended by 3000 troops and Swiss mercenaries;
  • 600 Swiss were massacred after the King ordered them to cease fire, and among the attackers, 90 federes and 300 Parisians were either wounded or killed
• When was the Declaration of Pillnitz issued?

  27th August 1791
• What did the Declaration of Pillnitz state?

  It was issued by Leopald and Frederick William II of Prussia, declaring the interest of the monarchs of Europe in the wellbeing of Louis and his family, and threatening vague but severe consequences if anything happened to them
• When did the Legislative Assembly declare war on Austria and Prussia?

  20th August 1792
• How many French deputies voted against France declaring war on Austria and Prussia?

  7
• When was the Brunswick Manifesto issued?

  25th July 1792
• What did the Brunswick Manifesto state?

  Issued by the Duke of Brunswick (commander of the Austro-Prussian army), who stated that:

  • he wanted to ensure the welfare of France;
  • he did not want to conquer any French territory;
  • he wanted to restore the liberty of Louis and his family
  • he wanted Paris to set Louis free without delay;
  • if the Tuileries Palace was attacked and the royal family harmed, the Austro-Prussian army would inflict 'an exemplary vengeance' on the city