ANA1 L2 Cell

• What is the basic structural and functional unit of multicellular organisms?


  Cells
• What is the role of cells in maintaining homeostasis?


  maintain proper homeostasis in the body
• What are the three main parts of a cell?

  Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
• What is the function of the plasma membrane?


  It regulates the passage of materials and forms a barrier
• What are the main components of the plasma membrane?


  Phospholipid, proteins, cholesterol, glycocalyx
• How does the cytoplasm differ from the nucleus?

  The cytoplasm contains organelles and inclusions, while the nucleus contains the genome
• What is the function of the cytosol?


  It serves as a medium for metabolic processes
• What are organelles?


  Permanently structured components that perform specific functions
• What are the two types of organelles?


  Membranous and non-membranous organelles
• What is the function of the nucleus?


  Cellular regulation and production of ribosomal subunits
• What is the largest structure in the cell?

  The nucleus
• What is the nuclear membrane observed with?


  Electron microscope (EM)
• What are the components of the nucleolus?


  Nuclear organizer, pars fibrosa, pars granulosa
• What is the function of the nucleolus?


  Synthesize ribosomal subunits
• What is the composition of nucleoplasm?


  Water, proteins, metabolites, ions, chromatin
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?


  Production of ATP
• What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?


  Rough ER and smooth ER
• What is the function of rough ER?


  Processes proteins made by ribosomes
• What is the function of smooth ER?


  Production of lipids and detoxification
• What is the function of the Golgi complex?


  Modifies, packages, and sorts proteins
• What are lysosomes known for?


  Site of intracellular digestion
• What do peroxisomes produce?


  Hydrogen peroxide
• What is the function of secretory vesicles?


  Stores secretory products
• What is the function of ribosomes?


  Protein synthesis
• What are the three types of cytoskeletal filaments?


  Microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments
• What is the function of microfilaments?


  Core of microvilli and movement of organelles
• What is the function of intermediate filaments?

  Support and structural integrity
• What is the function of microtubules?


  Cell division and intracellular movement
• What is the centrosome also known as?


  Microtubule organizing center (MTOC)
• What are the components of the centrosome?


  Centriole and pericentriolar material
• What is the function of the centriole?


  Generate mitotic spindles
• What is the role of pericentriolar material?


  Contains protein tubulin for microtubule formation
• What are the functions of the plasma membrane?


  • Regulates passage of materials (selective)
  • Forms barrier between internal and external environments
  • Provides attachment for the cytoskeleton
  • Performs enzymatic activity
  • Provides binding sites and receptors
  • Allows for cell-to-cell recognition or attachments
• What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?


  • Provides structural support
  • Gives cell shape
  • Allows movement (cell division, locomotion, transport)
• What are the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum?


  • Rough ER: Processes proteins made by ribosomes
  • Smooth ER: Production of lipids; detoxification
• What are the functions of the Golgi complex?


  • Modifies proteins
  • Packages proteins
  • Sorts proteins
  • Produces vesicles and lysosomes
• What are the functions of lysosomes?


  • Site of intracellular digestion
  • Autophagy (from intracellular)
  • Heterophagy (from extracellular)
• What are the functions of peroxisomes?


  • Detoxify and degrade alcohol
  • Oxidize fatty acids
  • Metabolize various compounds
• What are the functions of ribosomes?


  • Protein synthesis
• What are the functions of secretory vesicles?


  • Stores secretory products