ANA1 L6 Articular

• What is the purpose of a joint in a structure?


  To connect one component of a structure with one or more other components
• What is the site where two bones meet called?

  Joint
• How does the structure of a joint influence its function?


  The structure determines the range and type of movement allowed
• How do joints that serve a single function compare to those that serve multiple functions?


  Joints serving a single function are less complex than those serving multiple functions
• What are the three structural classifications of joints?

  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
• What are the two functional classifications of joints?

  1. Synarthroses
  2. Diarthroses
• What characterizes a fibrous joint?


  Fibrous tissue directly unites bone to bone
• What connects the bony components in a cartilaginous joint?

  Fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
• What is a suture joint?


  A joint where two bony components are united by a thin layer of dense fibrous tissue
• What happens in a synostosis joint?


  Bony union or fusion of opposing bones occurs later in life
• Give an example of a suture joint.


  Joint in the skull
• What is a syndesmosis joint?


  A type of fibrous joint where two bony components are joined directly by a ligament
• Provide an example of a syndesmosis joint.


  Distal tibiofibular joint
• What characterizes a symphysis joint?


  Two bony components are directly joined by fibrocartilage
• Give an example of a symphysis joint.


  Intervertebral joint
• What is the function of a synchondrosis joint?


  To permit bone growth while providing stability and allowing some mobility
• What is an example of a synchondrosis joint?


  Joint between the first rib and the sternum
• What is a gomphosis joint?


  A fibrous joint where the surfaces of bony components are adapted like a peg in a hole
• Provide an example of a gomphosis joint.


  Joint between a tooth and the mandible or maxilla
• What are the seven basic elements found in all synovial joints?


  1. Articular cartilage
  2. Ligaments
  3. Synovial membrane
  4. Articular capsule
  5. Synovial fluid
  6. Blood vessels
  7. Nerves
• What are some accessory structures found only in some joints?

  1. Tendons
  2. Bursae
  3. Disks
  4. Plates
  5. Menisci
  6. Labra
  7. Fat pads
  8. Sesamoid bones
  9. Plicae
• What are the two layers of the joint capsule?

  Fibrous capsule (external layer) and synovial membrane (internal layer)
• What is the role of the synovial membrane?


  It manufactures synovial fluid and lines the joint capsule
• What is the stratum fibrosum?


  Outer layer of the synovial membrane that is poorly vascularized and richly innervated
• What is the stratum synovium?


  Inner layer of the synovial membrane that is highly vascularized
• What is the function of synoviocytes?


  They synthesize hyaluronate and produce matrix collagen
• What is the role of articular cartilage?


  It covers the ends of bones and absorbs shock
• What is synovial fluid?


  A clear, pale, yellow viscous fluid that lubricates joint surfaces
• What is the function of ligaments in a joint?


  They attach bones to stabilize them
• What do sensory nerves supply in a joint?


  They supply the external capsule layer and ligaments
• What is the role of blood vessels in a joint?


  They penetrate the joint capsule and supply nutrients
• What are intra-articular discs or menisci?


  Pads of fibrocartilage imposed between articular surfaces
• What is the function of the peripheral labrum?


  It deepens concavity and supports the joint capsule
• What is a bursa?


  An extension of the synovial membrane filled with synovial fluid
• What are synovial plicae?


  Slack, overlapped pleats of tissue composed of synovial membrane
• What is the function of a fat pad in a joint?


  It fills non-articulating joint surfaces and provides cushioning
• What are the three types of diarthrodial joints based on movement?


  1. Uniaxial
  2. Biaxial
  3. Triaxial
• What are the six types of diarthrodial joints?


  1. Hinge
  2. Pivot
  3. Condyloid
  4. Ball and socket
  5. Plane
  6. Saddle
• What is a hinge joint?


  A joint that permits flexion and extension only
• Provide an example of a hinge joint.


  Elbow joint