Key approaches - Bridging work

• What does the cognitive approach study?

  It studies people's mental processes such as perception, memory, and decision-making.
• How can variations in mental processes among individuals influence behavior?

  They can indicate how different processes alter and influence behavior under various conditions.
• How can understanding a person's preferred way of thinking help predict their behavior?

  It can lead to predicting behavior based on previous patterns.
• What stereotype might arise from understanding a person's mental processes in the cognitive approach?

  Assuming that a waiter will be polite because their job is to assist you.
• What does the biological approach suggest influences personality traits?

  It suggests that the biological composition of brains, genes, and neurons influences personality traits.
• According to the biological approach, why are qualities like temperament considered innate?

  Because they appear rapidly after birth.
• How does the biological approach explain inherited patterns of behavior?

  It explains that human genes evolved to adapt behavior to the environment for survival.
• What does the biological approach suggest about a person's reaction to stimuli?

  It suggests that a person's reaction is predetermined by their biochemistry.
• What is the focus of the humanistic approach?

  The focus is on the individual rather than external factors like behavior or environment.
• How can people lead happier lives according to the humanistic approach?

  By practicing therapeutic techniques.
• What does Maslow's 'Hierarchy of Needs' describe?


  It describes how specific needs must be met in a particular order to achieve happiness and self-actualization.
• What does Freud's psychodynamic approach focus on?

  It focuses on the unconscious mind and mental processes.
• According to Freud, what drives a person's actions and behavior?

  Forces in the psyche outside of conscious awareness, such as childhood experiences and underlying emotions.
• How does the psychodynamic approach explain slips of the tongue?

  They are a result of the different parts of the unconscious mind being in a constant struggle.
• What does the psychodynamic approach suggest about adult behaviors?

  It suggests that behaviors and feelings in adulthood are rooted in childhood experiences.
• What does the behaviorist approach state about behavior?

  It states that behavior is learned through the environment and observations.
• How does the behaviorist approach view inherited factors?

  It views inherited factors as having little influence on behavior.
• How can behavior be altered according to the behaviorist approach?

  Through an individual's experiences and the rewards or punishments they receive.
• Who developed the Social Learning Theory?

  Albert Bandura.
• What does the Social Learning Theory propose about learning?


  It proposes that people learn from one another through observation, attention, retention, imitation, reproduction, and motivation.
• How does the Social Learning Theory connect to the cognitive approach?

  It connects through the intrinsic feelings of pride, satisfaction, or shame after an action.
• What role do social interactions play in Vygotsky’s Sociocultural theory according to the Social Learning Theory?

  They guide a child's cognitive development and ability to learn.
• How can behaviors be encouraged or discouraged according to the Social Learning Theory?

  Through external circumstances and intrinsic feelings.
• What are the main approaches in psychology discussed in the study material?

  • Cognitive Approach
  • Biological Approach
  • Humanistic Approach
  • Psychodynamic Approach
  • Behaviourist Approach
  • Social Learning Theory