11.3 TYPES OF IMMUNITY

• What does active immunity mean?


  The body's immune system is actively involved in the production of antibodies.
• How are antibodies obtained in passive immunity?


  Antibodies are received from an external source.
• What is the difference between natural and artificial immunity?


  Natural immunity is triggered by naturally-occurring events, while artificial immunity involves synthesized substances.
• What happens when someone catches the flu in terms of immunity?


  The flu virus stimulates the production of antibodies to remove the viruses.
• How does vaccination work in terms of immunity?

  Vaccination introduces dead or weakened pathogens to trigger antibody production.
• What type of antibodies can move across the placenta during pregnancy?


  IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily diffuse through the membrane.
• How does a baby continue to acquire antibodies after birth?


  The baby acquires antibodies mainly IgA from the mother through breastfeeding.
• When is artificial immunization typically given?


  When traveling to high-risk disease areas or as emergency treatment.
• What are the similarities between active and passive immunity?

  • Both keep people safe from communicable diseases.
  • Both involve antigen-antibody interaction.
• What are the differences between active and passive immunity?

  Active Immunity:

  • Achieved through active production by the host's immune system.
  • Induced by natural infections or vaccines.
  • Takes time for effect; provides lifetime protection.
  • Immunological memory present.

  
  

  Passive Immunity:

  • Achieved by receiving ready-made antibodies.
  • Provides immediate protection; short-term effectiveness.
  • No immunological memory.
• What is the effect of active immunity on antibody production over time?


  Antibody levels increase with each exposure due to immunological memory.
• How does the body respond to a second exposure to the same pathogen in active immunity?


  The body produces a higher level of antibodies more quickly due to memory cells.
• What happens to antibody levels in artificial passive immunity after pathogen elimination?


  Antibody levels drop rapidly below immunity level after elimination.
• What is required after the first injection of antiserum in artificial passive immunity?


  A second injection is needed for protection against the disease.
• What are the practice questions related to immunity in the study material?

  1. Body Defence
  2. Actions of Antibodies
  3. Types of Immunity
  4. Health Issues Related to Immunity